Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
Nanoscale. 2019 Jan 3;11(2):598-610. doi: 10.1039/c8nr07636g.
Tungsten oxide nanorods were synthesized using a template assisted process. A polycarbonate membrane (pore diameter 100 nm) was vacuum infiltrated by an aqueous solution of ammonium paratungstate ((NH4)10H2W12O42·xH2O) and yielded crystalline 3D oriented WO3 nanorod arrays after template etching and calcination. By coating the nanorod arrays with carbon, a binder-free 3D WO3/C composite electrode could be fabricated, allowing capacities up to 1149, 811, 699, 559 and 253 mA h g-1 for cycles 1, 2, 20, 50 and 200 as well as a coulombic efficiency of around 99%. Moreover, as prepared WO3 nanorod structures without that specific type of carbon coating deliver capacities in a range of 200-250 mA h g-1 after 20 cycles. Finally, a full cell lithium ion battery system is fabricated. It consists of LiCoO2 nanoparticles as cathode and binder-free carbon coated 3D WO3 composite material as anode. Pre-lithiation of this 3D WO3/C composite material as pre-conditioning before full cell assembly leads to a cell capacity of almost twice of that without pre-lithiation. Discharge capacities of 111, 91, 41 and 23 mA h g-1 can be obtained for cycles 2, 20, 100 and 200 with a coulombic efficiency of around 99% in the case of the pre-lithiated 3D WO3/C composite anode.
采用模板辅助法合成了氧化钨纳米棒。聚碳酸酯膜（孔径 100nm）经真空渗透过偏钨酸铵（（NH4）10H2W12O42·xH2O）水溶液，模板刻蚀和煅烧后得到结晶的 3D 定向 WO3 纳米棒阵列。通过在纳米棒阵列上涂覆碳，可以制备无粘合剂的 3D WO3/C 复合电极，在循环 1、2、20、50 和 200 次时，容量分别高达 1149、811、699、559 和 253 mA h g-1，库仑效率约为 99%。此外，未经这种特殊类型碳涂层处理的制备好的 WO3 纳米棒结构在 20 次循环后，其容量范围在 200-250 mA h g-1 之间。最后，组装了全电池锂离子电池系统。它由 LiCoO2 纳米颗粒作为正极和无粘合剂的碳涂覆的 3D WO3 复合材料作为负极组成。在全电池组装之前，对 3D WO3/C 复合材料进行预锂化预处理，可使电池容量提高近一倍。经过预锂化的 3D WO3/C 复合负极在循环 2、20、100 和 200 次时，可分别获得 111、91、41 和 23 mA h g-1 的放电容量，库仑效率约为 99%。
