Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019 Apr;29 Suppl 1:44-51. doi: 10.1111/sms.13370.
Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O ) and muscle mass decrease with age. The loss of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength is accelerated with physical inactivity and has well-documented consequences for morbidity and all-cause mortality. Participation in exercise training programs will improve one or more of the cardio-metabolic risk factors, but the long-term effects of such programs are questionable. Here, we re-examined 25 old (72 ± 4 years.) men and women who considered him/herself as "success-full agers" and were participants in a 3-month alpine skiing training program 6 years earlier. The program focused on healthy aging and included health questionnaires, measurement of lipids and glycemic parameters in blood and a VO test. Thirteen and 12 subjects were in the intervention (IG) and the control group (CG), respectively. In response to the training program, subjects improved their cardio-metabolic risk factors. However, after 6 years all positive effects had disappeared. Approximately 80% of the subjects had total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol above and HDL cholesterol below the recommended values, but these subjects remained the most metabolically deteriorated, including an increase in fasting glucose concentrations. We conclude that people seem to follow their individual trajectory in terms of cardio-metabolic risk factors, and participation in a relatively short lasting exercise training program with emphasis on healthy aging does not change that. Long-lasting change in lifestyle probably requires a continued attentional focus, goal setting, and feedback.
最大摄氧量（V̇O ）和肌肉量随年龄增长而下降。不活动会加速心肺适应能力和肌肉力量的丧失，并对发病率和全因死亡率产生有据可查的影响。参加运动训练计划将改善一个或多个心血管代谢风险因素，但此类计划的长期效果存在疑问。在这里，我们重新检查了 25 名年龄较大的（72 ± 4 岁）男性和女性，他们认为自己是“成功的老年人”，并且是 6 年前参加为期 3 个月的高山滑雪训练计划的参与者。该计划侧重于健康老龄化，包括健康问卷、血液中脂质和血糖参数的测量以及 VO 测试。13 名和 12 名受试者分别参加了干预组（IG）和对照组（CG）。针对培训计划，受试者改善了他们的心血管代谢风险因素。然而，6 年后，所有积极的影响都消失了。大约 80%的受试者的总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇高于推荐值，而 HDL 胆固醇低于推荐值，但这些受试者仍然是代谢恶化最严重的，包括空腹血糖浓度升高。我们的结论是，人们似乎会根据心血管代谢风险因素遵循自己的个体轨迹，而参加相对短暂的强调健康老龄化的运动训练计划并不会改变这一点。生活方式的持久改变可能需要持续的注意力、目标设定和反馈。
