Marcucci E, Bartoloni E, Alunno A, Leone M C, Cafaro G, Luccioli F, Valentini V, Valentini E, La Paglia G M C, Bonifacio A F, Gerli R
Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia.
Reumatismo. 2018 Dec 20;70(4):212-224. doi: 10.4081/reumatismo.2018.1106.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the joints, though a consistent proportion of patients may also display extra articular manifestations (EAMs). From rheumatoid nodules to interstitial lung disease, from cardiovascular events to vasculitis, the spectrum of EAMs encompasses various conditions with different prognoses. EAMs may also occur as first RA manifestation, therefore the coordination with other health professionals, including general practitioners, is needed. The aim of this article is to provide an overview on EAMs in RA with particular focus on the recognised risk factors and the available recommendations for managing them, as well as comorbidities in RA patients.
类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种慢性炎症性疾病，主要影响关节，不过仍有一定比例的患者可能还会出现关节外表现（EAM）。从类风湿结节到间质性肺病，从心血管事件到血管炎，关节外表现的范围涵盖了各种预后不同的病症。关节外表现也可能作为类风湿性关节炎的首发表现出现，因此需要与包括全科医生在内的其他医疗专业人员进行协作。本文旨在概述类风湿性关节炎中的关节外表现，特别关注已确认的风险因素以及针对这些因素的现有管理建议，以及类风湿性关节炎患者的合并症。
