Slobodchikova M N, Vasilyeva V T, Ivanov R V, Lebedeva U M
Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture named after М.G. Safronov.
M.K. Ammosov North Eastern Federal University, Scientific Research Institute of Health, Yakutsk.
Vopr Pitan. 2018;87(4):87-92. doi: 10.24411/0042-8833-2018-10046. Epub 2018 Jul 13.
In the diet of the population of Yakutia, the meat of 6-month-old and local herd horses is especially valued for its high nutritive value, excellent taste and dietary properties. In addition to meat, a number of other slaughter products, such as by-products, intestinal raw materials, internal fat, blood, etc., can be received during primary processing. Many of them are not fully used. The relevance of this work is to study the possibilities of waste-free use of the Yakut horse products. Biochemical investigation of the composition of the secondary products of slaughter (fat, blood, by-products, intestinal raw materials) was carried out, a concentrate from the internal fat of foals and dry blood were obtained. The inner fat of the Yakut horse in terms of the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) exceeded the PUFA level in subcutaneous fat. The content of linoleic acid was 10.91-12.25%. A low-temperature method for recovering fat has been tested, a fat-containing feed with a PUFA content of about 23% has been obtained. Slaughter blood is a high-value raw material for the production of functional food products as a source of iron, amino acids and other components. The iron content in the blood dried in the infrared dryer fluctuated in insignificant limits from 216.8 to 242.0 mg/kg that indicated a stable level of provision of horses with this trace element. The protein level in the dry blood of mature mares (8-19 years) was 87%. The results of the study of young offspring of the Yakut horse showed that such offal of the first category as liver, heart, kidneys were rich in protein (from 19.1±0.1 to 22.0±0.1%). The esophagus was high in fat (22.3±0.1%). The stomach and intestines were characterized by high ash content (from 3.2±0.2 to 8.0±0.7%).
在雅库特地区居民的饮食中，6个月大的马以及当地马群的肉因其高营养价值、绝佳口感和食疗特性而备受珍视。除了肉之外，在初级加工过程中还能获得许多其他屠宰产品，比如副产品、肠原料、内脏脂肪、血液等。其中许多产品并未得到充分利用。这项工作的意义在于研究雅库特马产品无废利用的可能性。对屠宰副产品（脂肪、血液、副产品、肠原料）的成分进行了生化研究，获得了马驹内脏脂肪浓缩物和干血。雅库特马的内脏脂肪在多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量方面超过了皮下脂肪中的PUFA水平。亚油酸含量为10.91 - 12.25%。测试了一种低温脂肪回收方法，得到了一种PUFA含量约为23%的含脂肪饲料。屠宰血液作为铁、氨基酸和其他成分的来源，是生产功能性食品的高价值原料。在红外干燥器中干燥的血液中铁含量在216.8至242.0毫克/千克的微小范围内波动，这表明马匹体内这种微量元素的供应水平稳定。成年母马（8 - 19岁）干血中的蛋白质水平为87%。对雅库特马幼崽的研究结果表明，肝脏、心脏、肾脏等一类内脏富含蛋白质（从19.1±0.1%至22.0±0.1%）。食管脂肪含量高（22.3±0.1%）。胃和肠道的灰分含量高（从3.2±0.2%至8.0±0.7%）。
