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Chemerin 激活的 CMKLR1 功能受 G 蛋白偶联受体激酶 6(GRK6)和β-arrestin 2 在炎症巨噬细胞中的调节。

Chemerin-activated functions of CMKLR1 are regulated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) and β-arrestin 2 in inflammatory macrophages.

机构信息

Thurston Arthritis Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.

Thurston Arthritis Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Duke University, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Durham, NC 27710, United States.

出版信息

Mol Immunol. 2019 Feb;106:12-21. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.12.016. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Abstract

Chemerin receptor (CMKLR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) implicated in macrophage-mediated inflammation and in several forms of human arthritis. Analogous to other GPCR, CMKLR1 is likely regulated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) phosphorylation of intracellular domains in an activation-dependent manner, which leads to recruitment and termination of intracellular signaling via desensitization and internalization of the receptor. The ubiquitously expressed GRK family members include GRK2, GRK3, GRK5, and GRK6, but it is unknown which GRK regulates CMKLR1 cellular and signaling functions. Our data show that activation of CMKLR1 by chemerin in primary macrophages leads to signaling and functional outcomes that are regulated by GRK6 and β-arrestin 2. We show that arrestin recruitment to CMKLR1 following chemerin stimulation is enhanced with co-expression of GRK6. Further, internalization of endogenous CMKLR1, following the addition of chemerin, is decreased in inflammatory macrophages from GRK6- and β-arrestin 2-deficient mice. These GRK6- and β-arrestin 2-deficient macrophages display increased migration toward chemerin and altered AKT and Extracellular-signal Related Kinase (ERK) signaling. Our findings show that chemerin-activated CMKLR1 regulation in inflammatory macrophages is largely GRK6 and β-arrestin mediated, which may impact innate immunity and have therapeutic implications in rheumatic disease.

摘要

趋化素受体(CMKLR1)是一种 G 蛋白偶联受体(GPCR),参与巨噬细胞介导的炎症和几种人类关节炎。与其他 GPCR 类似,CMKLR1 可能通过细胞内结构域的 G 蛋白偶联受体激酶(GRK)磷酸化以激活依赖性方式进行调节,这导致通过受体脱敏和内化来募集和终止细胞内信号。普遍表达的 GRK 家族成员包括 GRK2、GRK3、GRK5 和 GRK6,但尚不清楚哪种 GRK 调节 CMKLR1 的细胞和信号功能。我们的数据表明,趋化素在原代巨噬细胞中激活 CMKLR1 可导致受 GRK6 和β-抑制蛋白 2 调节的信号转导和功能结果。我们表明,在趋化素刺激后,GRK6 的共表达增强了对 CMKLR1 的抑制蛋白募集。此外,在用趋化素处理后,GRK6 和β-抑制蛋白 2 缺陷型小鼠的炎症性巨噬细胞中内源性 CMKLR1 的内化减少。这些 GRK6 和β-抑制蛋白 2 缺陷型巨噬细胞显示出对趋化素的迁移增加和 AKT 和细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)信号的改变。我们的发现表明,炎症性巨噬细胞中趋化素激活的 CMKLR1 调节主要由 GRK6 和β-抑制蛋白介导,这可能影响先天免疫,并在风湿性疾病中具有治疗意义。

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