Lammers R L
Department of Emergency Medicine, Valley Medical Center, Fresno, California 93702.
Ann Emerg Med. 1988 Dec;17(12):1336-47. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(88)80361-5.
Foreign bodies embedded in soft tissue can cause toxic and allergic reactions, inflammation, or infection, but the severity of these complications varies widely. Removal can be difficult and time consuming, and the potential damage to tissues caused by the procedure must be weighed against the risk posed by a particular foreign body. Plain and mammographic radiography, xeroradiography, computed tomography, and ultrasonography can be used to detect foreign bodies suspected during clinical evaluation. The exact position of an object buried in soft tissue is difficult to determine using two-dimensional imaging techniques. Surface markers, multiple-projection radiographs, wire grids, fluoroscopy, or stereotaxic devices may help to locate it. Not all foreign bodies are discovered during the initial patient encounter; several signs reveal the presence of a retained foreign body in a wound.
嵌入软组织的异物可引起毒性和过敏反应、炎症或感染，但这些并发症的严重程度差异很大。取出异物可能困难且耗时，必须权衡手术对组织造成的潜在损伤与特定异物带来的风险。普通X线摄影、乳腺X线摄影、干板X线摄影、计算机断层扫描和超声检查可用于检测临床评估中怀疑的异物。使用二维成像技术很难确定埋在软组织中的物体的确切位置。表面标记、多投影X线片、金属丝网格、荧光透视或立体定位装置可能有助于定位异物。并非所有异物在初次接诊患者时都能被发现；有几个迹象可提示伤口中存在残留异物。
