European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, Via Boccaccio 121, 50133 Firenze (FI), Italy.
École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Centre d'études des mouvements sociaux, 54-56 Boulevard Raspail, 75006, Paris, France.
Soc Sci Med. 2019 Feb;222:11-19. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.12.022. Epub 2018 Dec 18.
In Greece, Italy, and Spain, austerity policies combined with the structural density of migration flows have had concrete social and material manifestations in the delivery of public health care. Through our ethnographic case studies in Lampedusa and southeastern Sicily, Melilla, and Athens, we examine the maternity care offered to migrant patients in the midst and the aftermath of the so-called "migration crisis" in state and non-state structures. Research was conducted in Athens and southeastern Sicily from August 2016 to August 2017; in Melilla from August 2016 to October 2016 and in January 2017; and in Lampedusa from August 2016 to January 2017. Data collected consist in semi-structured interviews and long-term ethnographic observations. The article explores whether and how the understanding or the labeling of the maternity care of migrants as an emergency within a context of professed crisis generates new norms of care within health-care delivery. Our findings suggest a) the adoption of solutions or practices that in the past might have been considered urgent, ad hoc, or creative; b) their normalization, deeply connected to the wider social landscape of these European peripheries and c) the institutionalization of humanitarianism in the context of these practices. Our research points out temporalities of emergency against the background of a professed migration crisis. In the context of austerity-driven underfunding, temporary solutions become entrenched, producing a lasting emergency. Yet, we argue that "emergency" can, at some point, generate practices of resistance that undermine, subtly yet significantly, its own normalization.
在希腊、意大利和西班牙，紧缩政策加上移民流动的结构性密度，在公共医疗保健服务的提供方面产生了具体的社会和物质影响。通过我们在兰佩杜萨和西西里岛东南部、梅利利亚和雅典的民族志案例研究，我们考察了在所谓的“移民危机”期间和之后，国家和非国家结构向移民患者提供的产妇护理。研究于 2016 年 8 月至 2017 年 8 月在雅典和西西里岛东南部进行；于 2016 年 8 月至 2016 年 10 月和 2017 年 1 月在梅利利亚进行；于 2016 年 8 月至 2017 年 1 月在兰佩杜萨进行。收集的数据包括半结构化访谈和长期民族志观察。本文探讨了在危机背景下，将移民产妇护理理解或贴上“紧急”标签，是否以及如何在医疗保健服务中产生新的护理规范。我们的研究结果表明：a）采用过去可能被视为紧急、临时或创造性的解决方案或做法；b）这些解决方案的常态化，与这些欧洲边缘地区更广泛的社会环境密切相关；c）在这些实践中人道主义的制度化。我们的研究指出了在所谓的移民危机背景下的紧急情况的时间性。在紧缩政策导致资金不足的情况下，临时解决方案变得根深蒂固，产生持久的紧急情况。然而，我们认为，“紧急情况”在某些时候可能会产生抵抗实践，这些实践会微妙但显著地破坏其自身的常态化。
