a Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics , Rome , Italy.
b Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS , Rome , Italy.
Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2019 Feb;23(2):153-160. doi: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1559827. Epub 2018 Dec 22.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging and hence is a candidate target for intervention. Sarcopenia of aging is a prevalent condition and is associated with numerous negative health outcomes. Alterations in mitochondrial homeostasis have been reported in sarcopenic muscle. Area covered: We discuss the evidence that points to mitochondrial dysfunction having a causative role in sarcopenia and the mechanisms involved in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria in the aged muscle. We also discuss the effects of physical exercise on mitochondrial quality control and muscle health in advanced age. Expert opinion: In the aged muscle, the mitochondrial quality control axis is altered at several levels, including proteostasis, biogenesis, dynamics, and autophagy. Mitochondrial dysfunction arising from impaired quality control is thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Physical exercise is the most effective strategy for the management of sarcopenia. Improvements in mitochondrial health and plasticity may mediate several beneficial effects of exercise in muscle. A greater understanding of the molecular changes that occur in the aged muscle following exercise and how they impact mitochondrial homeostasis is necessary for the exploration of potential targets that are amenable for interventions.
线粒体功能障碍是衰老的标志，因此是干预的候选目标。衰老性肌肉减少症是一种普遍的病症，与许多负面的健康结果有关。在骨骼肌减少症患者的肌肉中，已经报道了线粒体动态平衡的改变。
我们讨论了线粒体功能障碍在肌肉减少症中起因果作用的证据，以及涉及衰老肌肉中受损线粒体积累的机制。我们还讨论了体育锻炼对高龄肌肉中线粒体质量控制和肌肉健康的影响。
在衰老的肌肉中，线粒体质量控制轴在几个水平上发生改变，包括蛋白质稳态、生物发生、动力学和自噬。认为由于质量控制受损而导致的线粒体功能障碍在肌肉减少症的发病机制中起主要作用。体育锻炼是管理肌肉减少症的最有效策略。线粒体健康和可塑性的改善可能介导运动对肌肉的多种有益影响。需要更深入地了解运动后老年肌肉中发生的分子变化，以及它们如何影响线粒体动态平衡，以探索适合干预的潜在目标。
