Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, Massachusetts.
Clin J Sport Med. 2021 Mar 1;31(2):e64-e79. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000707.
Ballet dancers have a high prevalence of injuries to the lower extremity. Many studies have investigated the relationship between dance injury and risk factors. However, risk factors for lower-extremity injury comparing recreational- and elite-level ballet dancers are scarce.
To systematically review available original studies to assess risk factors for lower-extremity injury in female ballet dancers between recreational and elite ballet dancers.
Five online databases [Web of Science, PubMed, OVID (Medline), EBSCO, and ProQuest] were searched systematically.
Included studies had an analytic study design published in the past 11 years and investigated an association between potential risk factors and lower-extremity injury in female ballet dancers.
Assessed independently by 2 reviewers using the Downs and Black (DB) criteria and Oxford Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine.
Seventeen studies were included. Alignment was a risk factor for lower-extremity injury in both recreational and elite ballet dancers. In elite ballet dancers, poor lumbopelvic movement control, inappropriate transversus abdominis contraction, decreased lower-extremity strength, and poor aerobic fitness were risk factors for lower-extremity injury. In recreational ballet dancers, hypermobility of the hip and ankle and longer training hours were risk factors for lower-extremity injury. Mean DB score was 15.94 (SD 1.57). The majority of studies were retrospective cohort studies or had poor follow-up, with 7 level 2b studies, 6 level 3b studies (cross-sectional), and 4 level 1b studies (prospective cohort with good follow-up).
Alignment was identified as a common risk factor for recreational and elite ballet dancers. Other risk factors differed between recreational ballet dancers and elite ballet dancers. Future studies are warranted to use a prospective study design, identify dance level-specific risk factors, and implement evidence-based prevention strategies.
芭蕾舞演员下肢受伤的发生率很高。许多研究调查了舞蹈损伤与危险因素之间的关系。然而，比较业余和专业芭蕾舞演员下肢损伤的危险因素却很少。
系统综述现有原始研究，评估女性业余和专业芭蕾舞演员下肢损伤的危险因素。
系统检索了 5 个在线数据库[Web of Science、PubMed、OVID（Medline）、EBSCO 和 ProQuest]。
纳入的研究为过去 11 年内发表的分析性研究设计，并调查了潜在危险因素与女性芭蕾舞演员下肢损伤之间的关联。
由 2 名评审员独立使用唐斯和布莱克（Downs and Black，DB）标准和牛津循证医学中心评估。
纳入了 17 项研究。在业余和专业芭蕾舞演员中，姿势不良是下肢损伤的危险因素。在专业芭蕾舞演员中，腰骶部运动控制不佳、腹横肌收缩不当、下肢力量下降和有氧适能差是下肢损伤的危险因素。在业余芭蕾舞演员中，髋关节和踝关节过度活动以及更长的训练时间是下肢损伤的危险因素。DB 评分均值为 15.94（SD 1.57）。大多数研究为回顾性队列研究或随访不良，其中 7 项为 2b 级研究，6 项为 3b 级研究（横断面），4 项为 1b 级研究（前瞻性队列研究，随访良好）。
姿势不良被确定为业余和专业芭蕾舞演员的共同危险因素。业余芭蕾舞演员和专业芭蕾舞演员之间的其他危险因素不同。未来的研究需要采用前瞻性研究设计，确定舞蹈水平特异性危险因素，并实施基于证据的预防策略。
