Shojadoost Bahram, Kulkarni Raveendra R, Yitbarek Alexander, Laursen Adrianna, Taha-Abdelaziz Khaled, Negash Alkie Tamiru, Barjesteh Neda, Quinteiro-Filho Wanderly M, Smith Trevor K, Sharif Shayan
Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada; Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Al Shamlah, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2019 Jan;207:62-68. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.12.002. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Selenium supplementation in poultry feeds has been known to have beneficial effects on the bird health and performance; however antiviral effects of selenium have remained largely unknown. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of supplementation of chicken diets with organic (Selenium Enriched Yeast; SEY) and inorganic selenium (Sodium Selenite; SS) on low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (H9N2) shedding in the cloacal and oropharyngeal swab samples as well as examined the expression of immune related genes. Chickens were fed two doses (High- 0.30 mg/kg of feed; Low- 0.15 mg/kg of feed) of selenium supplementation for 2 weeks followed by low pathogenicity avian influenza virus challenge. Our results showed that the cloacal shedding of virus in all the selenium supplemented groups was significantly lower when compared to the non-supplemented control groups. In addition, the oropharyngeal shedding of virus in chickens fed with organic selenium supplementation was significantly lower than that in the chickens that received either inorganic selenium supplemented feed or controls. Furthermore, the expression of interferon stimulated genes (Viperin, OAS: 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase and MDA5: melanoma differentiation-associated gene) in the cecal tonsils was significantly elevated in the selenium treated groups when compared to controls. Additionally, a significantly higher transcription of interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β and IFN-γ genes in the cecal tonsils and spleens of chickens receiving SEY-L and SS-H supplemented feed was also observed at post virus challenge time points compared to untreated controls. The results of this study demonstrated that supplementation of chicken diets with selenium, can enhance antiviral defense and thus, may have a beneficial effect in controlling viral infections in poultry.
在家禽饲料中添加硒已被证实对禽类健康和生产性能具有有益影响；然而，硒的抗病毒作用在很大程度上仍不为人知。在本研究中，我们评估了在鸡日粮中添加有机硒（富硒酵母；SEY）和无机硒（亚硒酸钠；SS）对低致病性禽流感病毒（H9N2）在泄殖腔和口咽拭子样本中排出的影响，并检测了免疫相关基因的表达。给鸡喂食两剂（高剂量 - 每千克饲料0.30毫克；低剂量 - 每千克饲料0.15毫克）的硒补充剂，持续2周，随后进行低致病性禽流感病毒攻毒。我们的结果表明，与未添加硒的对照组相比，所有添加硒的组中病毒在泄殖腔的排出量显著降低。此外，喂食有机硒补充剂的鸡的口咽病毒排出量显著低于喂食无机硒补充饲料或对照组的鸡。此外，与对照组相比，硒处理组盲肠扁桃体中干扰素刺激基因（Viperin、OAS：2'-5'寡腺苷酸合成酶和MDA5：黑色素瘤分化相关基因）的表达显著升高。另外，在病毒攻毒后的时间点，与未处理的对照组相比，在接受SEY-L和SS-H补充饲料的鸡的盲肠扁桃体和脾脏中，还观察到干扰素（IFN）-α、IFN-β和IFN-γ基因的转录显著更高。本研究结果表明，在鸡日粮中添加硒可以增强抗病毒防御，因此可能对控制家禽病毒感染具有有益作用。
