Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, Greece.
J Med Entomol. 2019 Apr 16;56(3):641-650. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjy224.
Studying the biology of Culex species is crucial to understanding their role in arbovirus transmission and for the development of efficient control strategies. Assessments of survival, development, adult longevity, fecundity and egg hatching of Culex pipiens form 'molestus' (Forsskål), were conducted, under nine constant and fluctuating temperatures ranging from 15 to 35 ± 0.5°C. Higher survival rates were observed at constant temperature of 25°C as well as fluctuating with the same mean. Complete mortality occurred at 35°C in both constant and fluctuating temperature regimes. Development rate from egg to adult increased between 15 and 32.5°C, in a linear fashion. Adult longevity ranged from 1.4 d at 32.5°C to 73.5 d at 15°C. Females lived significantly longer compared to males at all temperature regimes with the exception of constant 32.5°C where adult longevity was similar between males and females. Fecundity was higher at moderate constant and fluctuating temperatures compared to high temperatures, where females laid a significantly smaller number of eggs. Likewise, egg hatching was significantly lower at the highest tested temperature regimes compared to low and moderate ones. The lowest developmental thresholds of the species in different developmental stages ranged between 11.17 and 11.95°C at constant temperatures and between 11.09 and 12.74°C at fluctuating ones. Differences between constant and fluctuating temperatures were observed concerning developmental time, fecundity, and male adult longevity at the two lowest tested temperatures, highlighting the importance of testing also fluctuating temperatures that simulate field conditions.
研究库蚊属的生物学对于了解它们在虫媒病毒传播中的作用以及制定有效的控制策略至关重要。本研究评估了在 9 个恒定和波动温度（范围为 15 至 35 ± 0.5°C）下，骚扰库蚊（Forsskål）的生存、发育、成虫寿命、繁殖力和卵孵化。在 25°C 的恒定温度和相同平均值波动的条件下，观察到更高的存活率。在两种温度条件下，35°C 时完全死亡。从卵到成虫的发育率在 15 至 32.5°C 之间呈线性增加。成虫寿命从 32.5°C 的 1.4 天到 15°C 的 73.5 天不等。除了在恒定的 32.5°C 下雌雄成虫寿命相似外，在所有温度条件下，雌蚊的寿命明显长于雄蚊。在中温和波动温度下，繁殖力高于高温，而在高温下，雌蚊产卵数量明显减少。同样，在最高测试温度下，卵的孵化率显著低于低温和中温。在不同发育阶段，该物种在恒定温度下的最低发育阈值介于 11.17 至 11.95°C 之间，在波动温度下的最低发育阈值介于 11.09 至 12.74°C 之间。在两个最低测试温度下，观察到恒定和波动温度之间在发育时间、繁殖力和雄成虫寿命方面存在差异，这突出了测试波动温度以模拟野外条件的重要性。
