Benvenuti Stefano, Mazzoncini Marco
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2018 Dec 29;8(1):7. doi: 10.3390/plants8010007.
Trials were performed to test the germination ecology of buried weed seeds as a function of physical soil conditions such as of burial depth, texture, and compaction. Indeed, these ecological conditions, due to the adopted agronomic practices, play a crucial role in modulating the seed bank germination dynamics. Experiments were carried out in open fields in confined soils (polypropylene pipes), and in the laboratory in Petri dishes. Sowing depth strongly inhibited the seed germination of the three weed species selected. This inhibition was found to be inversely proportional to the size of the soil particles. Compaction strongly increased the depth-mediated inhibition, especially in soils that were rich in clay particles, and was inversely proportional to the seed size. The physiological nature of the dormancy imposed by burial was investigated. In addition, ungerminated seeds, re-exhumed after deep-sowing for six months, were found to be in deep dormancy, especially after burial in compacted clay soil. This dormancy induction was more pronounced in weed species characterized by small seeds. Critical issues are discussed regarding weed seed bank ecophysiology and their management in sustainable agricultural cropping systems.
开展了试验，以测试埋藏杂草种子的萌发生态学与土壤物理条件（如埋藏深度、质地和压实度）之间的关系。实际上，由于所采用的农艺措施，这些生态条件在调节种子库发芽动态方面起着关键作用。试验在开阔田地的密闭土壤（聚丙烯管）中以及实验室的培养皿中进行。播种深度强烈抑制了所选三种杂草物种的种子萌发。发现这种抑制作用与土壤颗粒大小成反比。压实显著增强了深度介导的抑制作用，尤其是在富含粘土颗粒的土壤中，并且与种子大小成反比。研究了埋藏导致的休眠的生理性质。此外，在深播六个月后重新挖掘出的未发芽种子，尤其是在压实粘土土壤中埋藏后，处于深度休眠状态。这种休眠诱导在以小种子为特征的杂草物种中更为明显。讨论了关于杂草种子库生态生理学及其在可持续农业种植系统中的管理的关键问题。
