Almekinders Louis C, Engle Charles R
North Carolina Orthopaedic Clinic, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC.
Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2019 Mar;27(1):25-30. doi: 10.1097/JSA.0000000000000217.
Ultra-endurance sports are associated with prolonged physical exercise both during training and competition. Musculoskeletal injuries are common as a result of the repetitive physical stresses. Stress fractures in the weight-bearing bones should always be suspected when ultra-endurance athletes present with pain over bony structures. Most stress fractures can be treated with activity modifications but some such as femoral neck and tibial shaft stress fractures may require operative fixation. The knee seems to be the most frequent source of injuries in ultra-endurance athletes. Patellofemoral symptoms from tendon injuries or chondral problems are common injuries and can be challenging to treat. Lower leg, ankle, and foot injuries also make up a significant portion of the ultra-endurance injuries. Peritendinitis of the extensor tendons at the extensor retinaculum of the anterior ankle or "ultramarathoner's ankle" seems to be a unique injury associated with ultramarathons. Other lower leg injuries include medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) and chronic exercise-induced compartment syndrome (CECS).
超长耐力运动与训练和比赛期间的长时间体育锻炼相关。由于重复性身体压力，肌肉骨骼损伤很常见。当超长耐力运动员出现骨结构疼痛时，应始终怀疑负重骨的应力性骨折。大多数应力性骨折可通过调整活动来治疗，但有些如股骨颈和胫骨干应力性骨折可能需要手术固定。膝盖似乎是超长耐力运动员最常见的受伤部位。肌腱损伤或软骨问题引起的髌股症状是常见损伤，治疗起来可能具有挑战性。小腿、脚踝和足部损伤在超长耐力损伤中也占很大比例。前踝伸肌支持带处伸肌腱的腱鞘炎或“超级马拉松运动员脚踝”似乎是与超级马拉松相关的一种独特损伤。其他小腿损伤包括胫骨内侧应力综合征（MTSS）和慢性运动性骨筋膜室综合征（CECS）。
