Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York.
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2019 Mar 1;316(3):R189-R198. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00351.2018. Epub 2019 Jan 2.
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that consuming a soft drink (i.e., a high-fructose, caffeinated beverage) during and following exercise in the heat elevates biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans. Twelve healthy adults drank 2 liters of an assigned beverage during 4 h of exercise in the heat [35.1 (0.1)°C, 61 (5)% relative humidity] in counterbalanced soft drink and water trials, and ≥1 liter of the same beverage after leaving the laboratory. Stage 1 AKI (i.e., increased serum creatinine ≥0.30 mg/dl) was detected at postexercise in 75% of participants in the Soft Drink trial compared with 8% in Water trial ( P = 0.02). Furthermore, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a biomarker of AKI, was higher during an overnight collection period after the Soft Drink trial compared with Water in both absolute concentration [6 (4) ng/dl vs. 5 (4) ng/dl, P < 0.04] and after correcting for urine flow rate [6 (7) (ng/dl)/(ml/min) vs. 4 (4) (ng/dl)/(ml/min), P = 0.03]. Changes in serum uric acid from preexercise were greater in the Soft Drink trial than the Water trial at postexercise ( P < 0.01) and 24 h ( P = 0.05). There were greater increases from preexercise in serum copeptin, a stable marker of vasopressin, at postexercise in the Soft Drink trial ( P < 0.02) than the Water trial. These findings indicate that consuming a soft drink during and following exercise in the heat induces AKI, likely via vasopressin-mediated mechanisms.
这项研究的目的是检验以下假设，即在热环境下运动期间和之后饮用软饮料（即含高果糖和咖啡因的饮料）会导致人体急性肾损伤（AKI）生物标志物升高。12 名健康成年人在热环境下（35.1°C，相对湿度 61%）进行 4 小时的运动，同时在软饮料和水的对照试验中饮用 2 升指定的饮料，在离开实验室后至少饮用 1 升相同的饮料。在软饮料试验中，75%的参与者在运动后出现了阶段性 1 期 AKI（即血清肌酐升高≥0.30mg/dl），而在水试验中这一比例为 8%（P=0.02）。此外，在软饮料试验后的夜间收集期，尿液中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL），即 AKI 的生物标志物，其绝对浓度[6（4）ng/dl 比 5（4）ng/dl，P<0.04]和校正尿液流速后[6（7）（ng/dl）/（ml/min）比 4（4）（ng/dl）/（ml/min），P=0.03]均高于水试验。与水试验相比，软饮料试验中运动后和 24 小时的血清尿酸变化更大（P<0.01 和 P=0.05）。运动后，软饮料试验中血清 copeptin（一种稳定的加压素标志物）的变化比水试验更大（P<0.02）。这些发现表明，在热环境下运动期间和之后饮用软饮料会导致 AKI，可能是通过加压素介导的机制。
