Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2019 Dec;11(4):1403-1413. doi: 10.1007/s12602-018-9502-z.
Bovicin is a type AII lantibiotic, possessing two β-methyllanthionine and a disulfide bridge encoded by bovA gene hitherto unknown a couple of decades ago. Bacteriocins can be useful in directly inhibiting methanogens and/or redirecting H to other reductive microorganisms, in particular, propionate producers or reductive acetogens. So far, the role of nisin and bovicin to suppress greenhouse gas (GHG) production under in vitro conditions has been documented. GHG emissions from ruminants are a threat to the environment, because of their role in global warming as well as in climate change. Methane (CH) produced from livestock farming practices is a potent GHG, comprising 18% of total GHG emissions in the world. Therefore, minimizing enteric CH production is quite essential from both the economical livestock production as well as environment perspectives. Strategies for the abatement of CH have provided two-way opportunities, viz., improved livestock productivity and reduced GHG emissions. In the past, different strategies have been proposed and tested to mitigate CH, such as the dietary composition of feeds, ionophores, antibiotics, vaccines, analogues, probiotics, and secondary metabolites of plants and fungi. However, quite a few of these strategies have been adopted at farm level due to their varied effect on animal health and/or residues on animal products. The use of bacteriocins might have potential in inhibiting methanogens in the rumen. A bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus bovis (an isolate from rumen) named bovicin HC5 has been exhibited to decrease CH production to an extent of 50%. In this review, authors intend to discuss the sources, structure, biochemical properties, and antimicrobial spectra of bovicins, besides the potential applications with special reference to CH mitigation.
布沃辛是一种 AII 型细菌素，拥有两个β-甲基硫氨酸和一个二硫键，其编码基因 bovA 是几十年前才被发现的。细菌素可直接抑制产甲烷菌，并/或将 H 重新导向其他还原微生物，特别是丙酸产生菌或还原乙酸菌。迄今为止，已有文献报道了乳链菌肽和布沃辛在体外条件下抑制温室气体（GHG）产生的作用。反刍动物产生的温室气体排放对环境构成威胁，因为它们在全球变暖以及气候变化中发挥作用。畜牧业生产中产生的甲烷（CH）是一种强效温室气体，占全球温室气体总排放量的 18%。因此，从经济畜牧业生产和环境角度来看，最大限度地减少肠道 CH 产生非常重要。减少 CH 的策略提供了双向机会，即提高畜牧业生产力和减少 GHG 排放。过去，已经提出并测试了不同的策略来减轻 CH，例如饲料的饮食组成、离子载体、抗生素、疫苗、类似物、益生菌和植物及真菌的次生代谢物。然而，由于这些策略对动物健康和/或动物产品中的残留有不同的影响，其中相当一部分策略已在农场层面采用。细菌素在抑制瘤胃中产甲烷菌方面可能具有潜力。从瘤胃中分离出的一种乳链菌（Streptococcus bovis）产生的细菌素命名为布沃辛 HC5，已被证明可将 CH 产量降低 50%。在本文中，作者拟讨论布沃辛的来源、结构、生化特性和抗菌谱，并特别参考其在 CH 缓解方面的潜在应用。
