Luchins A S
Department of Psychology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590.
J Psychol. 1988 Sep;122(5):471-86. doi: 10.1080/00223980.1988.10542952.
This paper traces the history of the American public asylum from the 1840s through the late 19th century. The focus is on social factors that contributed to the establishment of public institutions at the urging of reformers, the attempts to model them on the architecture and "moral treatment" offered by the best private institutions, the crowding of the asylums, the growing criticism aimed at the asylums and their superintendents, and the effects of calls for other approaches and for scientific management. Knowledge of the asylum's history may be useful today, as we stand at the crossroads in the treatment of the mentally ill.
本文追溯了从19世纪40年代到19世纪末美国公立精神病院的历史。重点关注的是社会因素，这些因素促使改革者呼吁建立公共机构，尝试以最好的私立机构提供的建筑风格和“道德疗法”为蓝本，精神病院的拥挤状况，针对精神病院及其院长越来越多的批评，以及对其他方法和科学管理呼声的影响。了解精神病院的历史在今天可能会有所帮助，因为我们正处于精神疾病治疗的十字路口。
