Department of Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
Department of Biotechnology, University of Sialkot, Punjab 51310, Pakistan.
Molecules. 2019 Jan 3;24(1):163. doi: 10.3390/molecules24010163.
Expansion in whole genome sequencing and subsequent increase in antibiotic resistance targets have paved the way of high throughput qPCR (HT-qPCR) for analyzing hundreds of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in a single run. A meta-analysis of 51 selected studies is performed to evaluate ARGs abundance trends over the last 7 years. WaferGen SmartChip is found to be the most widely used HT-qPCR platform among others for evaluating ARGs. Up till now around 1000 environmental samples (excluding biological replicates) from different parts of the world have been analyzed on HT-qPCR. Calculated detection frequency and normalized ARGs abundance (ARGs/16S rRNA gene) reported in gut microbiome studies have shown a trend of low ARGs as compared to other environmental matrices. Disparities in the HT-qPCR data analysis which are causing difficulties to researchers in precise interpretation of results have been highlighted and a possible way forward for resolving them is also suggested. The potential of other amplification technologies and point of care or field deployable devices for analyzing ARGs have also been discussed in the review. Our review has focused on updated information regarding the role, current status and future perspectives of HT-qPCR in the field of antimicrobial resistance.
全基因组测序的扩展和随后抗生素耐药性目标的增加为高通量 qPCR（HT-qPCR）铺平了道路，可在单次运行中分析数百种抗菌药物耐药基因（ARGs）。对 51 项选定研究进行了荟萃分析，以评估过去 7 年中 ARGs 丰度的趋势。研究发现，在评估 ARGs 方面，WaferGen SmartChip 是使用最广泛的 HT-qPCR 平台之一。到目前为止，已经在 HT-qPCR 上分析了来自世界各地不同地区的大约 1000 个环境样本（不包括生物重复）。肠道微生物组研究中报告的计算检测频率和归一化 ARGs 丰度（ARGs/16S rRNA 基因）与其他环境基质相比呈低 ARGs 趋势。HT-qPCR 数据分析中的差异给研究人员对结果的精确解释带来了困难，文中还提出了可能的解决方法。该综述还讨论了其他扩增技术和即时检测或现场部署设备在分析 ARGs 方面的潜力。我们的综述重点介绍了 HT-qPCR 在抗菌药物耐药性领域的作用、现状和未来展望的最新信息。
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