Wei Caixia, Zhou Shixing, Li Wenjun, Jiang Chunyu, Yang Wan, Han Caixia, Zhang Chi, Shao Hua
Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, P. R. China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
Chem Biodivers. 2019 Apr;16(4):e1800595. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201800595. Epub 2019 Feb 25.
The chemical composition and allelopathic, phytotoxic and pesticidal activities of Atriplex cana Ledeb. (Amaranthaceae) essential oil were investigated. Nineteen compounds were identified via GC/MS, representing 82.3 % of the total oil, and the most abundant constituents were dibutyl phthalate (21.79 %), eucalyptol (20.14 %) and myrtenyl acetate (15.56 %). The results showed that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by A. cana significantly inhibited seedling growth of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Poa annua L., and 80 g of fresh stems and leaves of A. cana in a 1.5 L airtight container almost completely suppressed the seed germination of both plants. Meanwhile, 5 μg/mL essential oil completely inhibited the seed germination of A. retroflexus, Medicago sativa L., P. annua and Echinochloa crusgalli L. Pesticidal testing revealed that the essential oil had strong behavioral avoidance and lethal effects on Aphis pomi DeGeer. Five microliters of essential oil/Petri dish treatment resulted in an 84.5 % mortality rate after 12 h, and the mortality rate reached nearly 100 % after 48 h. This report is the first one on the chemical composition as well as the biological activity of the essential oil of A. cana, and our results indicate that the oil is valuable in terms of being further exploited as a bioherbicide/insecticide.
对藜科植物滨藜（Atriplex cana Ledeb.）精油的化学成分及其化感、植物毒性和杀虫活性进行了研究。通过气相色谱/质谱联用（GC/MS）鉴定出19种化合物，占总油含量的82.3%，其中含量最高的成分是邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（21.79%）、桉叶油醇（20.14%）和乙酸桃金娘烯酯（15.56%）。结果表明，滨藜释放的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）显著抑制了反枝苋（Amaranthus retroflexus L.）和一年生早熟禾（Poa annua L.）的幼苗生长，在1.5升密闭容器中加入80克滨藜鲜茎叶几乎完全抑制了这两种植物的种子萌发。同时，5μg/mL的精油完全抑制了反枝苋、紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）、一年生早熟禾和稗草（Echinochloa crusgalli L.）的种子萌发。杀虫试验表明，该精油对苹果蚜（Aphis pomi DeGeer）有很强的行为驱避和致死作用。每培养皿5μL精油处理12小时后死亡率为84.5%，48小时后死亡率接近100%。本报告首次对滨藜精油的化学成分及生物活性进行了研究，我们的结果表明该精油在进一步开发为生物除草剂/杀虫剂方面具有价值。
