Monsma B R, Glaros A G, Lumley M A
Wayne State University, Michigan.
Biofeedback Self Regul. 1988 Jun;13(2):113-22. doi: 10.1007/BF01001495.
The use of noncontingent feedback controls in studies of the efficacy and process of electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback may yield results confounded by differential expectancies for relaxation. Furthermore, the role of expectancies in producing psychological and physical relaxation as well as reducing muscle activity is unclear. This study investigated the effects of feedback delays and induced relaxation expectancies on EMG activity and experienced relaxation. One hundred four non-clinical subjects participated in one auditory frontal EMG biofeedback training session. Subjects were assigned to one of four computerized feedback delay conditions (0.0037, 0.7493, 2.2481, 6.7444 s) and to one of two relaxation expectancy conditions (positive or negative). During 20 minutes of biofeedback training, all groups decreased frontal activity. Feedback delays interacted with training epochs in affecting EMG; the longest delay group reduced frontal activity more slowly than the shortest delay group during training. Positive relaxation expectancies produced greater experienced relaxation than did negative relaxation expectancies. Instrumental and expectancy factors in EMG biofeedback appear to operate independently of each other by reducing physiological activity and producing psychological relaxation respectively.
在肌电图（EMG）生物反馈疗效及过程研究中使用非偶然反馈控制，可能会产生因对放松的不同预期而混淆的结果。此外，预期在产生心理和身体放松以及降低肌肉活动方面的作用尚不清楚。本研究调查了反馈延迟和诱导的放松预期对肌电活动和体验到的放松的影响。104名非临床受试者参加了一次听觉前额肌电生物反馈训练课程。受试者被分配到四种计算机化反馈延迟条件（0.0037、0.7493、2.2481、6.7444秒）之一，以及两种放松预期条件（积极或消极）之一。在20分钟的生物反馈训练期间，所有组的前额活动均有所下降。反馈延迟在影响肌电方面与训练时段存在交互作用；在训练期间，最长延迟组前额活动的降低速度比最短延迟组慢。积极的放松预期比消极的放松预期产生了更大的体验到的放松。肌电生物反馈中的工具性因素和预期因素似乎通过分别降低生理活动和产生心理放松而相互独立起作用。
