Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Dent Traumatol. 2019 Apr;35(2):115-120. doi: 10.1111/edt.12462. Epub 2019 Jan 24.
The number of patients suffering maxillofacial trauma remains constant although the affected patients become older. The aim of this study was to illuminate the patterns of maxillofacial fractures in a University Medical Centre and to analyse potential changes in patient population and treatment methods during a 5-year period.
In a retrospective analysis, the records of 573 patients with maxillofacial fractures treated in a level one trauma centre from January 2010 to December 2014 were analysed with regard to gender, age, date and time of hospitalization as well as discharge, aetiology, type of fracture, surgery details, complications and further injuries. Causes were subdivided into assaults, falls, epileptic seizure, work-related, traffic accident by car or bicycle, sport-associated or others (eg caused by explosions, horse kicks or unknown).
The most common causes for fractures were assaults (28.8%; n = 165), followed by falls (23.9%; n = 137), although falls became the main reason for maxillofacial fractures in 2013 and 2014. The mean age for patients suffering from facial fractures due to falls was significantly higher compared to those injured by other causes. Most commonly, fractures of the zygomatico-maxillary complex with or without orbital floor involvement were seen (31.6%; n = 291) followed by fractures of the mandible (20.6%; n = 190) and fractures of the nose (15.2%; n = 140). Most patients were treated surgically (89.5%; n = 513) even though an increase in non-surgical treatment was found over the examination period, especially in older patients.
Maxillofacial fractures are mostly seen in younger male patients. Assaults were the main pattern of injury during the whole examination period, although falls became the main cause in older patients over the last 2 years.
尽管受伤患者年龄较大，但颌面创伤患者的数量保持不变。本研究旨在阐明大学医疗中心颌面骨折的模式，并分析在 5 年期间患者人群和治疗方法的潜在变化。
在回顾性分析中，分析了 2010 年 1 月至 2014 年 12 月在一级创伤中心接受治疗的 573 例颌面骨折患者的记录，包括性别、年龄、住院和出院日期和时间、病因、骨折类型、手术细节、并发症和其他损伤。病因分为袭击、跌倒、癫痫发作、与工作相关、汽车或自行车交通事故、运动相关或其他（例如由爆炸、马蹄踢或未知原因引起）。
骨折最常见的原因是袭击（28.8%；n=165），其次是跌倒（23.9%；n=137），尽管跌倒在 2013 年和 2014 年成为颌面骨折的主要原因。因跌倒导致面部骨折的患者平均年龄明显高于其他原因受伤的患者。最常见的是颧骨-上颌复合体骨折，伴有或不伴有眶底受累（31.6%；n=291），其次是下颌骨骨折（20.6%；n=190）和鼻骨骨折（15.2%；n=140）。大多数患者接受了手术治疗（89.5%；n=513），尽管在检查期间发现非手术治疗有所增加，尤其是在老年患者中。
颌面骨折多见于年轻男性患者。袭击是整个检查期间的主要损伤模式，尽管在过去 2 年中，老年患者中跌倒成为主要原因。
