Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
J Immunol. 2019 Jan 15;202(2):374-381. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800979.
Influenza A virus is highly contagious, infecting 5-15% of the global population every year. It causes significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among immunocompromised and at-risk individuals. Influenza virus is constantly evolving, undergoing continuous, rapid, and unpredictable mutation, giving rise to novel viruses that can escape the humoral immunity generated by current influenza virus vaccines. Growing evidence indicates that influenza-specific T cells resident along the respiratory tract are highly effective at providing potent and rapid protection against this inhaled pathogen. As these T cells recognize fragments of the virus that are highly conserved and less prone to mutation, they have the potential to provide cross-strain protection against a wide breadth of influenza viruses, including newly emerging strains. In this review, we will discuss how influenza-specific memory T cells in the lung are established and maintained and how we can harness this knowledge to design broadly protective influenza A virus vaccines.
甲型流感病毒具有高度传染性，每年感染全球 5-15%的人口。它会导致严重的发病率和死亡率，特别是在免疫功能低下和高危人群中。流感病毒在不断进化，持续、快速、不可预测地发生突变，产生新的病毒，从而逃避当前流感病毒疫苗产生的体液免疫。越来越多的证据表明，呼吸道中存在的流感特异性 T 细胞能够非常有效地提供针对这种吸入性病原体的强大和快速保护。由于这些 T 细胞识别的病毒片段高度保守且不易发生突变，因此它们有可能对广泛的流感病毒提供交叉株保护，包括新出现的毒株。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论肺中流感特异性记忆 T 细胞是如何建立和维持的，以及我们如何利用这些知识来设计广泛保护的甲型流感病毒疫苗。
