Huang Xiao-Long, Xiao Lan, He Hai-Min, Xue Fang-Sen
Institute of Entomology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang China.
Foreign Language School Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang China.
Ecol Evol. 2018 Nov 20;8(24):12694-12701. doi: 10.1002/ece3.4697. eCollection 2018 Dec.
A strong positive correlation between development time and body size is commonly assumed. However, the evidence is increasing that the correlation between the two traits can be positive, zero or negative, depending on whether the two traits are under antagonistic or synergistic selection. In the present study, we examined the relation between larval development time and pupal weight of the rice stem borer under laboratory and field conditions. For individuals reared at constant temperatures (22, 25, 28 and 31°C), a longer larval period tended to result in larger pupae, showing a positive correlation between larval development time and pupal weight; whereas for those reared under field conditions, a longer larval period tended to result in smaller pupae at 23.5 and 29.8°C, showing a negative correlation between the two traits. There was no correlation between the two traits at the mean daily temperature of 31°C. At constant temperatures, larval development time shortened significantly as rearing temperature increased, whereas pupae tended to become larger at higher temperatures, although no significant difference was detected among temperatures for pupal weight. Under field conditions, larval development time decreased significantly as the mean daily temperature increased, whereas pupal weight of females increased significantly with the increase in the mean daily temperature, which is an example of the reverse temperature-size rule. Feeding method significantly affected larval development time and pupal weight. For individuals fed on live rice plants, larval development time shortened significantly and pupal weight increased significantly compared with those reared on fresh rice stems.
通常认为发育时间与体型之间存在强正相关。然而，越来越多的证据表明，这两个性状之间的相关性可能为正、为零或为负，这取决于这两个性状是受到拮抗选择还是协同选择。在本研究中，我们在实验室和田间条件下研究了水稻螟虫幼虫发育时间与蛹重之间的关系。对于在恒定温度（22、25、28和31°C）下饲养的个体，幼虫期较长往往会导致蛹更大，表明幼虫发育时间与蛹重之间呈正相关；而对于在田间条件下饲养的个体，在23.5和29.8°C时，幼虫期较长往往会导致蛹更小，表明这两个性状之间呈负相关。在平均日温度为31°C时，这两个性状之间没有相关性。在恒定温度下，随着饲养温度的升高，幼虫发育时间显著缩短，而蛹在较高温度下往往会变得更大，尽管不同温度下蛹重没有显著差异。在田间条件下，随着平均日温度的升高，幼虫发育时间显著减少，而雌虫的蛹重随着平均日温度的升高而显著增加，这是反向温度-体型规则的一个例子。饲养方式显著影响幼虫发育时间和蛹重。与用新鲜稻茎饲养的个体相比，以活水稻植株为食的个体幼虫发育时间显著缩短，蛹重显著增加。
