Titov V N, Saltykova M M
Klin Lab Diagn. 2017 Mar;62(3):132-9.
Three phylogenetically, morphological and functionally different pools of fatty cells are function in vivo according phylogenetic theory of general pathology. The first one is a phylogenetically early and limited in number of cells pool of visceral fatty cells of omentum and retro-peritoneal cellular tissue. The late in phylogenesis insulin renders no regulatory effect on visceral fatty cells. The visceral fatty cells deposit fatty acids in the form of triglycerides providing with energy substrates implementation of six biological functions: biological function of homeostasis and trophology, biological functions of endoecology and adaptation, function of continuation of species and cognitive biological function. The pathology of visceral fatty cells under alimentary overeating of physiological food develops metabolic syndrome. In the process of implementation of feedback mechanism visceral fatty cells secrete leptin. The second one is a later in phylogenesis, potentially larger in number of cells pool of insulin-dependent subcutaneous adipocytes. This pool, potentially unlimited in number of insulin-dependent subcutaneous adipocytes, is destined to provide with energy substrates produced by adenosine triphosphate only one biological function - a function of locomotion, motion at the expense of contraction of cross-striated skeletal myocytes. The characteristic of function of fatty acids is that they deposit fatty acids in the form of non-polar triglycerides in composition of lipoproteins under receptor endocytosis; release fatty acids only in form of into intercellular medium. The unesterified fatty acids are bound by lipid-transporting protein albumin. The main pathology of insulin-dependent subcutaneous adipocytes is obesity with expressed proliferation of insulin-dependent subcutaneous adipocytes. The insulin-dependent subcutaneous adipocytes synthesize adiponeсtin for implementing feedback mechanism. The third one is a pool of brown fatty cells. The physical chemical processes of oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation are uncoupled in mitochondria of these cells. The mitochondria of brown fatty cells mainly produce calories of heat energy. The brown fatty cells, functioning in warm-blooded animals, support constancy of temperature of body, biological function of homeostasis under winter sleep (period of hibernation) in animals and in the first weeks of post-natal life of Homo sapiens. Three pools of fatty tissue are developed from different sources.
根据普通病理学的系统发育理论，三种在系统发育、形态和功能上不同的脂肪细胞池在体内发挥作用。第一种是系统发育早期且数量有限的网膜和腹膜后细胞组织内脏脂肪细胞池。在系统发育后期，胰岛素对内脏脂肪细胞没有调节作用。内脏脂肪细胞以甘油三酯的形式储存脂肪酸，为六种生物学功能的能量底物实现提供支持：内环境稳定和营养的生物学功能、内生态学和适应的生物学功能、物种延续功能和认知生物学功能。在生理性食物摄入过量的情况下，内脏脂肪细胞的病理变化会发展为代谢综合征。在内脏脂肪细胞实施反馈机制的过程中，会分泌瘦素。第二种是系统发育后期、数量可能更多的胰岛素依赖性皮下脂肪细胞池。这个胰岛素依赖性皮下脂肪细胞数量可能无限的池，仅为一种生物学功能——通过横纹肌细胞收缩实现的运动功能，提供由三磷酸腺苷产生的能量底物。脂肪酸的功能特点是，它们在受体介导的内吞作用下，以非极性甘油三酯的形式沉积在脂蛋白组成中；仅以脂肪酸形式释放到细胞间介质中。未酯化的脂肪酸与脂质转运蛋白白蛋白结合。胰岛素依赖性皮下脂肪细胞的主要病理变化是肥胖，伴有胰岛素依赖性皮下脂肪细胞的明显增殖。胰岛素依赖性皮下脂肪细胞合成脂联素以实施反馈机制。第三种是棕色脂肪细胞池。这些细胞的线粒体中氧化和氧化磷酸化的物理化学过程解偶联。棕色脂肪细胞的线粒体主要产生热能卡路里。在温血动物中发挥作用的棕色脂肪细胞，在动物冬眠（冬季睡眠期）以及人类出生后的头几周，维持体温恒定，即内环境稳定的生物学功能。三种脂肪组织池由不同来源发育而来。
