Titov V N
Klin Lab Diagn. 2015 Aug;60(8):14-23.
For billions years, two phylogenetically, functionally and regulatory different pools of fatty cells - visceral fatty acids and adipocytes coexist in vivo. Their becoming occurred at different degrees of phylogenesis. The phylogenetically earlier pool of visceral fatty acids is meant to supply with fatty acids-substrates for gaining energy by those cells which implement biological function of nutrition (trophology), homeostasis, endoecology biological function of adaptation and continuation of species. They have no receptors to phylogenetically later insulin. The adipocytes, later in phylogenesis, implement one biological function - the function of locomotion and they are as insulin-dependent as skeletal myocytes, cardiomyocytes, adipocytes and periportal hepatocytes. The difference in regulation is traced on all levels of "biological perfection " - autocrine (cellular) level, in humoral regulated paracrin cenosises of cells and on the level of organism. In biological function of trophology, paracrin cenosises of visceral fatty acids and adipocytes implement subsequently three biological reactions: exotrophy, deposit of fatty acids and endotrophy. In conditions of humoral regulation of three functionally different biological reactions in paracrin cenosises synthesis of so many humoral mediators is required. The humoral mediators of mechanism of feedback at autocrine level, in paracrin cenosises and at the level of organism are leptin of visceral fatty acids and adiponectin of adipocytes. At the level of organism, phylogenetically earlier paracrin cenosises of fatty cells are regulated by endocrine system. The phylogenetically later paracrin cenosises are regulated by insulin and nuclei of hypothalamus. The metabolic syndrome is a pathology of phylogenetically earlier insulin-independent visceral fatty acids. The obesity is a pathology of phylogenetically later pool of insulin-dependent adipocytes.
