Rosenbaum David A, Sauerberger Kyle S
Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
Psychol Res. 2019 Mar;83(2):205-215. doi: 10.1007/s00426-018-01142-6. Epub 2019 Jan 8.
Research on motor planning has revealed two seemingly contradictory phenomena. One is the end-state comfort effect, the tendency to grasp objects in physically awkward ways for the sake of comfortable or easy-to-control final postures (Rosenbaum et al., Attention and Performance XIII: Motor representation and control, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey, 1990). The other is pre-crastination, the tendency to hasten the completion of tasks even at the expense of extra physical effort (Rosenbaum et al., Psychol Sci 25:1487-1496, 2014). End-state comfort seems to reflect emphasis on final states, whereas pre-crastination seems to reflect emphasis on initial states. How can both effects exist? We sought to resolve this seeming conflict by noting, first, that the effects have been tested in different contexts. End-state comfort has been tested with grasping, whereas pre-crastination has been tested with walking plus grasping. Second, both effects may reflect planning that aids aiming, as already demonstrated for end-state comfort but not yet tested for pre-crastination. We tested the two effects in a single walk-and-grasp task and found that demands on aiming influenced both effects, although precrastination was not fully influenced by changes in the demands of aiming. We conclude that end-state comfort and precrastination are both aiming-related, but that precrastination also reflects a desire to hasten early task completion.
关于运动规划的研究揭示了两种看似相互矛盾的现象。一种是终态舒适效应，即人们为了获得舒适或易于控制的最终姿势，而以身体上别扭的方式抓取物体（罗森鲍姆等人，《注意力与表现 XIII：运动表征与控制》，劳伦斯·埃尔鲍姆联合出版社，新泽西州希尔斯代尔，1990 年）。另一种是提前完成倾向，即人们即使要付出额外的体力，也倾向于加速任务的完成（罗森鲍姆等人，《心理科学》25：1487 - 1496，2014 年）。终态舒适似乎反映了对最终状态的强调，而提前完成倾向似乎反映了对初始状态的强调。这两种效应怎么可能同时存在呢？我们试图通过以下方式解决这一明显的冲突：首先，注意到这两种效应是在不同的情境中进行测试的。终态舒适效应是通过抓取任务来测试的，而提前完成倾向是通过行走加抓取任务来测试的。其次，这两种效应可能都反映了有助于瞄准的规划，终态舒适效应已经得到了证明，但提前完成倾向尚未得到测试。我们在一个单一的行走和抓取任务中对这两种效应进行了测试，发现瞄准需求对这两种效应都有影响，尽管提前完成倾向并未完全受到瞄准需求变化的影响。我们得出结论，终态舒适效应和提前完成倾向都与瞄准有关，但提前完成倾向也反映了一种加速早期任务完成的愿望。
