Hussain Numan, Kadir Muhammad Masood, Nafees Asaad Ahmed, Karmaliani Rozina, Jamali Tanzil
Aga Khan University.
Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi.
J Pak Med Assoc. 2019 Jan;69(1):87-93.
To determine the perceived health and safety needs identified by textile workers, managers and experts as well as direct observation of the prevailing health and safety practices in the textile industry.
The qualitative study using the needs assessment conceptual framework was conducted in July-August 2015 in Karachi, and comprised focus group discussions with textile workers, in-depth interviews with factory managers and health and safety officers, and key informant interviews with relevant stakeholders and experts. A walk-through survey was also conducted in selected mills for which the Checklist of hazards in textiles was used.
A total of 6focus group discussions, 6 in-depth interviews and 5 key informant interviews were conducted. Workers were found to have limited knowledge of occupational hazards, preventions and diseases. They identified lack of awareness and non-existent safety mechanisms as areas for improvement. Managers thought preventive practices and health services were not standardised while influence of buyers in the form of international business regulations and legislations were thought to be the enabling factors for enforcing health and safety standards. Poor governance, lack of knowledge regarding labour rights, low literacy level, poor compliance and low wages were the barriers for health promotion at workplace, as identified by the experts. Walk-through survey found mechanisms in place for fire safety, but the workers and managers were generally not using Personal Protective Equipment despite the presence of several hazards at workplace.
There was found a need for context-specific occupational health and safety interventions at individual, organisational and policy levels.
确定纺织工人、管理人员和专家所识别出的可感知健康与安全需求，以及对纺织行业现行健康与安全实践的直接观察。
2015年7月至8月在卡拉奇开展了使用需求评估概念框架的定性研究，包括与纺织工人进行焦点小组讨论、对工厂经理及健康与安全官员进行深入访谈，以及对相关利益攸关方和专家进行关键信息人访谈。还在选定的工厂进行了巡查，使用了纺织业危害清单。
共进行了6次焦点小组讨论、6次深入访谈和5次关键信息人访谈。发现工人对职业危害、预防措施和疾病的了解有限。他们将缺乏意识和不存在安全机制确定为有待改进的领域。管理人员认为预防措施和健康服务未标准化，而买家以国际商业法规和立法形式产生的影响被认为是执行健康与安全标准的促成因素。专家指出，治理不善、对劳工权利缺乏了解、识字率低、合规性差和工资低是工作场所促进健康的障碍。巡查发现有消防安全机制，但尽管工作场所存在多种危害，工人和管理人员普遍未使用个人防护装备。
发现在个人、组织和政策层面需要针对具体情况的职业健康与安全干预措施。
