University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Charles River Laboratories, Durham, NC.
Health Phys. 2019 Mar;116(3):305-338. doi: 10.1097/HP.0000000000000903.
Well-characterized animal models that mimic the human response to potentially lethal doses of radiation are required to assess the efficacy of medical countermeasures under the criteria of the US Food and Drug Administration's Animal Rule. Development of a model for the gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome requires knowledge of the radiation dose-response relationship and time course of mortality and morbidity across the acute and prolonged gastrointestinal radiation syndrome. The nonhuman primate, rhesus macaque, is a relevant animal model that has been used to determine the efficacy of medical countermeasures to mitigate major signs of morbidity and mortality relative to the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome, gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome, and lung injury. It can be used to assess the natural history of gastrointestinal damage, concurrent multiple organ injury, and aspects of the mechanism of action for acute radiation exposure and treatment. A systematic review of relevant studies that determined the dose-response relationship for the gastrointestinal acute and prolonged radiation syndrome in the rhesus macaque relative to radiation dose, quality, dose rate, exposure uniformity, and use of medical management has never been performed.
需要具有良好特征的动物模型来模拟人类对潜在致死剂量辐射的反应，以便根据美国食品和药物管理局的动物规则评估医疗对策的疗效。开发胃肠道急性辐射综合征模型需要了解辐射剂量-反应关系以及急性和长期胃肠道辐射综合征死亡率和发病率的时间过程。恒河猴是一种相关的动物模型，已被用于确定医疗对策的疗效，以减轻与造血急性辐射综合征、胃肠道急性辐射综合征和肺损伤相关的主要发病率和死亡率的迹象。它可用于评估胃肠道损伤、并发多器官损伤以及急性辐射暴露和治疗的作用机制的各个方面的自然病史。从未对恒河猴胃肠道急性和长期辐射综合征的剂量-反应关系进行过相关研究的系统评价，这些研究涉及辐射剂量、质量、剂量率、暴露均匀性和医疗管理的使用。
