Age-related changes in associative learning: studies in rabbits and rats.

Two experimental models for studying age-related changes in associative learning are described. One involves classical (Pavlovian) conditioning of eyeblink and heart rate in the rabbit. The second involves Pavlovian leg flexion and heart rate conditioning in the rat. Advantages and disadvantages of each model are discussed. Results with both models suggest differential effects of aging on acquisition of autonomic and somatomotor responses, thus underlining the utility of assessing multiple response systems to adequately characterize age-related changes in learning and memory.