Do V H, Catt S, Kinder J E, Walton S, Taylor-Robinson A W
School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia.
Education Program in Reproduction and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia.
Reprod Fertil Dev. 2019 Apr;31(5):837-846. doi: 10.1071/RD18352.
Bovine invitro fertilisation technology has been widely exploited in commercial settings. The majority of invitro-derived cattle embryos are transferred into recipient cows as recently collected (i.e. 'fresh') embryos due to the lack of a reliable cryopreservation method that results in favourable pregnancy rates following transfer of thawed embryos. This is a primary reason for the poor industry uptake of this extreme temperature freezing process. Numerous investigations into vitrification have revealed the importance of rapid cooling and warming rates, enhancing embryo viability after cryopreservation compared with conventional slow freezing. Those studies spawned a considerable assortment of cryovessels and diversity of procedures, delivering variable rates of success, which makes performing vitrification consistently a practical challenge. Hence, further research is required in order to both optimise and standardise vitrification methodology and to design a cryovessel that enables direct transfer of vitrified embryos to recipients after warming. In parallel with improvements in vitrification, it is important to continue to raise the quality of invitro-derived cattle embryos through modifications in laboratory culture techniques. The twin goals of methodology refinement and standardisation, leading to embryo quality enhancement, are each imperative if invitro fertilisation technology is to be adopted in the field.
牛体外受精技术已在商业环境中得到广泛应用。由于缺乏可靠的冷冻保存方法，导致解冻胚胎移植后的妊娠率不理想，大多数体外培养的牛胚胎都是作为新鲜胚胎直接移植到受体母牛体内。这是该极端温度冷冻技术在行业内应用率低的主要原因。大量关于玻璃化冷冻的研究表明，与传统慢速冷冻相比，快速升降温速率对提高冷冻保存后胚胎的活力至关重要。这些研究催生了各种各样的冷冻容器和不同的操作程序，成功率各不相同，这使得持续进行玻璃化冷冻成为一项实际挑战。因此，需要进一步研究以优化和标准化玻璃化冷冻方法，并设计一种能够在解冻后将玻璃化胚胎直接移植到受体体内的冷冻容器。在改进玻璃化冷冻技术的同时，通过改进实验室培养技术持续提高体外培养牛胚胎的质量也很重要。如果要在实际应用中采用体外受精技术，那么优化和标准化方法以及提高胚胎质量这两个目标都是必不可少的。
