Olson D M, Brémault-Phillips S, King S, Metz G A S, Montesanti S, Olson J K, Hyde A, Pike A, Hoover T, Linder R, Joggerst B, Watts R
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics and Physiology,University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB,Canada.
2Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine,University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB,Canada.
J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2019 Feb;10(1):108-114. doi: 10.1017/S2040174418001113. Epub 2019 Jan 10.
The preconception, pregnancy and immediate postpartum and newborn periods are times for mothers and their offspring when they are especially vulnerable to major stressors - those that are sudden and unexpected and those that are chronic. Their adverse effects can transcend generations. Stressors can include natural disasters or political stressors such as conflict and/or migration. Considerable evidence has accumulated demonstrating the adverse effects of natural disasters on pregnancy outcomes and developmental trajectories. However, beyond tracking outcomes, the time has arrived for gathering more information related to identifying mechanisms, predicting risk and developing stress-reducing and resilience-building interventions to improve outcomes. Further, we need to learn how to encapsulate both the quantitative and qualitative information available and share it with communities and authorities to mitigate the adverse developmental effects of future disasters, conflicts and migrations. This article briefly reviews prenatal maternal stress and identifies three contemporary situations (wildfire in Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada; hurricane Harvey in Houston, USA and transgenerational and migrant stress in Pforzheim, Germany) where current studies are being established by Canadian investigators to test an intervention. The experiences from these efforts are related along with attempts to involve communities in the studies and share the new knowledge to plan for future disasters or tragedies.
孕前、孕期、产后即刻以及新生儿期，对于母亲及其后代来说，是特别容易受到重大应激源影响的时期——这些应激源包括突发且意外的事件以及长期存在的事件。它们的不利影响可能会代代相传。应激源可以包括自然灾害或政治应激源，如冲突和/或移民。大量证据表明自然灾害对妊娠结局和发育轨迹有不利影响。然而，除了追踪结果之外，现在是时候收集更多与识别机制、预测风险以及制定减轻压力和增强复原力的干预措施以改善结果相关的信息了。此外，我们需要学习如何汇总现有的定量和定性信息，并与社区和当局分享，以减轻未来灾害、冲突和移民对发育的不利影响。本文简要回顾了产前母亲压力，并确定了三个当代情况（加拿大艾伯塔省麦克默里堡的野火；美国休斯顿的哈维飓风；德国普福尔茨海姆的跨代和移民压力），加拿大研究人员正在这些情况下开展当前的研究以测试一项干预措施。这些努力的经验以及让社区参与研究并分享新知识以规划未来灾害或悲剧的尝试也一并进行了阐述。
