Looser C M, Terrier F, Scheidegger J R, Frey F J, Gertsch P, Lerut J, Revel D
Institut für Diagnostische Radiologie, Inselspital, Universität Bern.
Radiologe. 1988 Dec;28(12):549-59.
Postoperative complications after renal transplantation, such as hematomas, abscesses, urinomas, lymphoceles and obstruction of the ureter, can be diagnosed by means of sonography. Early vascular complications, such as venous thrombosis and arterial occlusion or stenosis, can be recognized by duplex sonography and accurately depicted by angiography to allow planning of surgical intervention. Stenosis of the renal artery is amenable to treatment by percutaneous angioplasty. Parenchymatous complications (acute tubular necrosis, acute rejection, cyclosporin-A-toxicity) can cause changes in the intrarenal flow patterns at duplex sonography, but this examination does not allow accurate diagnosis and differentiation of these changes. Magnetic resonance imaging is a very promising method for the differential diagnosis of parenchymatous complications.
肾移植术后并发症，如血肿、脓肿、尿囊肿、淋巴囊肿和输尿管梗阻等，可通过超声检查进行诊断。早期血管并发症，如静脉血栓形成、动脉闭塞或狭窄，可通过双功超声识别，并通过血管造影准确显示，以便规划手术干预。肾动脉狭窄适合通过经皮血管成形术治疗。实质并发症（急性肾小管坏死、急性排斥反应、环孢素A毒性）可导致双功超声检查时肾内血流模式发生改变，但此项检查无法对这些改变进行准确诊断和鉴别。磁共振成像对于实质并发症的鉴别诊断是一种非常有前景的方法。
