Cao Liu, Yang Jun-Xing, Guo Jin-Jun, Guo Jun-Mei, Zheng Guo-di, Lu Yi-Fu
Key Laboratory for Monitor and Remediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Soils of Henan Province, Jiyuan 459000, China.
Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2018 Nov 8;39(11):5189-5197. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201804031.
A pot experiment was conducted to assess the phytoextraction potential for cadmium (Cd) of three types of sunflowers (edible, ornamental, and oil sunflowers) and the effects of the application of N, NP, and NPK fertilizers on Cd uptake of the three plants using Cd-contaminated soils collected from northern China. The results showed that fertilization could significantly increase the biomass, aboveground Cd concentrations and accumulation of ornamental and oil sunflowers, and the effect of NPK fertilizer was significantly better than those of other treatments. Cd concentrations of the aboveground parts of edible, ornamental, and oil sunflowers were 6.89, 8.92, 6.97 mg·kg, respectively. Fertilization treatment significantly improved the transport ability of Cd of the three types of sunflowers, and bioconcentration factors of edible, ornamental, and oil sunflowers were 2.63 (control) to 3.10 (NPK fertilizer), 2.80 (control) to 4.02 (NPK fertilizer), and 2.11 (control) to 3.14 (NPK fertilizer), respectively. The results further showed that the metal-enriched granules and cellular debris were the main enrichment sources in the subcellular fraction of the three types of sunflowers (more than 55%). In summary, sunflowers can be considered as plant material for remediation of Cd-contaminated soil. In addition, NPK fertilizers can effectively improve the efficiency of sunflowers.
通过盆栽试验，利用从中国北方采集的镉污染土壤，评估了三种向日葵（食用向日葵、观赏向日葵和油葵）对镉的植物提取潜力，以及施用氮、氮磷和氮磷钾肥料对这三种植物吸收镉的影响。结果表明，施肥能显著增加观赏向日葵和油葵的生物量、地上部镉浓度和积累量，且氮磷钾肥料的效果显著优于其他处理。食用向日葵、观赏向日葵和油葵地上部的镉浓度分别为6.89、8.92、6.97 mg·kg。施肥处理显著提高了三种向日葵对镉的转运能力，食用向日葵、观赏向日葵和油葵的生物富集系数分别为2.63（对照）至3.10（氮磷钾肥料）、2.80（对照）至4.02（氮磷钾肥料）和2.11（对照）至3.14（氮磷钾肥料）。结果还表明，金属富集颗粒和细胞碎片是三种向日葵亚细胞组分中的主要富集来源（超过55%）。综上所述，向日葵可被视为修复镉污染土壤的植物材料。此外，氮磷钾肥料能有效提高向日葵的修复效率。
