Sarno Dawn M, Lewis Joanna E, Neider Mark B
Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, 4111 Pictor Lane, Psychology Bldg. 99 Ste. 320, Orlando, FL, 32816-1390, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2019 Apr;81(3):684-693. doi: 10.3758/s13414-018-01658-4.
The present studies explored how performance in multidimensional displays varies as a function of visual working memory load, item distribution across depths, and individual capacity differences. In Experiment 1, the benefit of depth information (one depth vs. two depths) was examined across seven set sizes within a change-detection paradigm. Multiple depth planes engendered performance benefits with five items, but elicited performance decrements with three items. These effects were associated with working memory capacity, such that benefits were only observed when the working memory load exceeded an individual's max capacity. Experiment 2 evaluated how the distribution of items in depth aids working memory performance. Equal distribution of items across depths produced higher accuracy compared with when the target was isolated in depth. Lastly, Experiment 3 explored how differences in working memory capacity affect an individual's ability to use depth information to improve their performance. The results indicate that both low-capacity and high-capacity individuals can benefit from depth information, but this may vary as a function of working memory load. Overall, the results indicate that multidimensional displays can improve performance with sufficient working memory load, possibly through some sort of depth tag.
本研究探讨了在多维显示中，表现如何随视觉工作记忆负荷、深度上的项目分布以及个体能力差异而变化。在实验1中，在变化检测范式下，针对七种集合大小，考察了深度信息（一个深度与两个深度）的益处。多个深度平面在有五个项目时产生了表现优势，但在有三个项目时导致了表现下降。这些效应与工作记忆容量相关，即只有当工作记忆负荷超过个体的最大容量时才会观察到优势。实验2评估了项目在深度上的分布如何辅助工作记忆表现。与目标在深度上孤立的情况相比，项目在深度上均匀分布产生了更高的准确率。最后，实验3探究了工作记忆容量的差异如何影响个体利用深度信息来提高其表现的能力。结果表明，低容量个体和高容量个体都可以从深度信息中受益，但这可能会因工作记忆负荷而有所不同。总体而言，结果表明，多维显示在有足够工作记忆负荷的情况下可以提高表现，可能是通过某种深度标签实现的。
