Reduced Natural Killer Cell Subsets in Perinatally Acquired Long-Term Non-Progressor Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children.

Lymphocyte subsets of long-term non-progressor (LPNT) HIV-infected children is a less studied aspect of HIV infection. Evaluation of different lymphocyte subsets was done in HIV-infected children ≥8 years of age. Subjects were divided in two groups-group 1 (LTNP), treatment-naive with CD4 ≥ 500 cells/μL ( = 20); group 2, non-long-term non-progressor (nLTNPs) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) with CD4 count ≤500 on at least one occasion ( = 21). Group 3 comprised age-, sex-matched healthy controls (HCs,  = 20). Lymphocyte subsets were acquired with a flow cytometer (Navios; Beckman Coulter), and data were analyzed using Kaluza flow analysis software. The mean ages were 12.1 (±2.4 SD) and 12.5 (±2.7) years with mean duration of follow-up of 6.8 (±3.4) and 5.6 (±1.95) years in LTNP and nLTNP subjects, respectively. The mean duration of ART was 5.17 years for group 2. Absolute count and percentage of CD4 T cells was lower in nLTNPs than in LTNPs. Cytotoxic T cells were high in both HIV-infected groups compared with HCs. Natural killer (NK) cells were found to be significantly lower in LTNP and nLTNP groups compared with HCs ( ≤ .000003 and  ≤ .00003, respectively). Naïve B cells were more in HIV-infected individuals than in HCs. NK cells were significantly lower in LTNP and nLTNP groups. Immune reconstitution was comparable in children initiated with ART early versus long-term HIV-infected children receiving no ART.