Clinic for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Parasit Vectors. 2019 Jan 11;12(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-3284-8.
Canine vector-borne infections have gained importance in Germany due to growing tourist traffic and an increased import of dogs from abroad. Endemic regions for pathogens such as Leishmania infantum, Hepatozoon canis, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys and Dirofilaria spp. are the Mediterranean area and southeastern Europe. Babesia species and Anaplasma phagocytophilum are present all over Europe. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prevalence of vector-borne infections in dogs imported from defined endemic countries in the Mediterranean area and southeastern Europe.
Medical records and laboratory test results of 345 dogs that were imported to Germany from 17 endemic countries and that were presented to the Small Animal Clinic at Freie Universität Berlin between 2007 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 1368 test results from external laboratories were descriptively analysed including 576 and 792 test results of direct and indirect detection methods, respectively.
Overall, 35% (122/345 dogs) were positive for at least one pathogen. Concurrent infections with two to four pathogens were detected in 8% of the dogs (27/345). The positive results were: L. infantum 21% (66/314 dogs; methods: PCR 20/79, IFAT or ELISA 63/308 dogs), E. canis 16% (45/278 dogs; methods: PCR 8/68, IFAT 43/257 dogs), H. canis 11% (3/28 dogs; method: PCR), Babesia spp. 10% (25/251 dogs; methods: Babesia spp. PCR 3/98, B. canis/vogeli IFAT or ELISA 22/214 and B. gibsoni IFAT 0/13 dogs), Dirofilaria spp. 7% (13/178 dogs; methods: D. immitis Ag-ELISA 8/156, Knott's test 7/95, microfilariae PCR 5/23 dogs) and A. platys 5% (1/21 dogs; method: PCR). None of 8 tested dogs were positive in a combined Babesia spp./Hepatozoon spp. PCR test.
Dogs, which are imported from countries which are endemic for vector-borne infections should be thoroughly tested using direct and indirect detection methods. Potential owners of imported dogs should be informed about the diseases, risks and incubation periods.
由于旅游流量的增加和国外进口犬只的增加，犬媒介传染病在德国变得越来越重要。莱姆病螺旋体、犬肝孢子虫、犬埃立克体、平颅硬蜱和犬心丝虫等病原体的流行地区为地中海地区和东南欧。欧洲各地都存在巴贝斯虫病和无形体病。本回顾性研究的目的是评估从地中海地区和东南欧的 17 个流行国家进口的犬只中媒介传播感染的流行情况。
对 2007 年至 2015 年期间从 17 个流行国家进口到德国的 345 只犬只的病历和实验室检测结果进行回顾性分析。对来自外部实验室的 1368 份检测结果进行描述性分析，其中直接检测方法的检测结果为 576 份，间接检测方法的检测结果为 792 份。
总体而言，35%（122/345 只犬）至少有一种病原体呈阳性。8%的犬只（27/345 只）同时感染两种至四种病原体。阳性结果为：利什曼原虫 21%（66/314 只犬；方法：PCR 20/79，IFAT 或 ELISA 63/308 只犬）、犬埃立克体 16%（45/278 只犬；方法：PCR 8/68，IFAT 43/257 只犬）、犬肝孢子虫 11%（3/28 只犬；方法：PCR）、巴贝斯虫病 10%（25/251 只犬；方法：巴贝斯虫病 PCR 3/98 只，犬巴贝斯虫/沃格尔氏虫 IFAT 或 ELISA 22/214 只，犬吉氏巴贝斯虫 IFAT 0/13 只）、犬心丝虫病 7%（13/178 只犬；方法：犬恶丝虫 Ag-ELISA 8/156 只，Knott 氏试验 7/95 只，微丝蚴 PCR 5/23 只）和平颅硬蜱 5%（1/21 只犬；方法：PCR）。8 只联合检测巴贝斯虫/肝孢子虫的犬只均未呈阳性。
从媒介传染病流行国家进口的犬只应使用直接和间接检测方法进行全面检测。进口犬只的潜在主人应被告知有关疾病、风险和潜伏期的信息。
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