Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2019 Mar;29(3):330-348. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.12.014. Epub 2019 Jan 8.
Cannabis, the most widely used illicit drug worldwide, produces psychoactive effects through its component cannabinoids, which act on the endocannabinoid system. Research on how cannabinoid exposure affects the endocannabinoid system is limited. Substantial evidence indicates cannabis use as a risk factor for psychosis, and the mechanism(s) by which this is occurring is/are currently unknown. Here, we conduct the first review of the effects of exogenous cannabinoids on the endocannabinoid system in humans with and without psychotic disorders. The most well established finding is the down-regulation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) after chronic and recent cannabis exposure, but it remains uncertain whether this effect is present in cannabis users with schizophrenia. We highlight where cannabis exposure affects the endocannabinoid system in a pattern that may mirror what is seen in psychosis, and how further research can push this field forward. In these times of changing cannabis legislation, research highlighting the biological effects of cannabinoids is greatly needed.
大麻是全球范围内使用最广泛的非法药物，其成分大麻素通过作用于内源性大麻素系统产生精神活性作用。关于大麻素暴露如何影响内源性大麻素系统的研究有限。大量证据表明，大麻使用是精神分裂症的一个风险因素，但其发生的机制目前尚不清楚。在这里，我们首次综述了外源性大麻素对有和没有精神病障碍的人类内源性大麻素系统的影响。最成熟的发现是在慢性和近期大麻暴露后大麻素 CB1 受体 (CB1R) 的下调，但目前还不确定这种效应是否存在于精神分裂症的大麻使用者中。我们强调了大麻暴露在哪些方面影响了内源性大麻素系统，其模式可能与精神分裂症中所见的相似，以及进一步的研究如何推动这一领域的发展。在大麻法规不断变化的时代，需要开展研究来强调大麻素的生物学作用。
