嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞免疫疗法治疗肿瘤：专利文献综述。
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Immunotherapy for Tumor: A Review of Patent Literatures.
机构信息
Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, P.R. China. Address: No.174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, China.
出版信息
Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov. 2019;14(1):60-69. doi: 10.2174/1574892814666190111120908.
BACKGROUND
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy, as an innovative method for tumor immunotherapy, acquires unprecedented clinical outcomes. Genetic modification not only provides T cells with the antigen-binding function but also endows T cells with better immunological functions both in solid and hematological cancer. However, the CAR T cell therapy is not perfect because of several reasons, such as tumor immune microenvironment, and autologous limiting factors of CAR T cells. Moreover, the safety of CAR T cells should be improved.
OBJECTIVE
Recently many patents and publications have reported the importance of CAR T cell immunotherapy. Based on the patents about CAR T cell immunotherapy, we conclude some methods for designing the CAR which can provide useful information to readers.
METHODS
This review presents recent patents and publications, summarizes some specific antigens for oncotherapy from patents and enumerate some approaches to treatment of immunosuppression and reinforcing the immune response of CAR T cells. We also sum up some strategies for improving the safety of CAR T cell immunotherapy.
RESULTS
CAR T cell immunotherapy as a neotype cellular immunotherapy has been proved effective in oncotherapy and authorized by the FDA. Improvements in CAR designing have enhanced the functions of CAR T cells.
CONCLUSION
This review, summarizing antigens and approaches to overcome defects of CAR T cell immunotherapy from patents and publications, might contribute to a broad readership.
背景
嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T 细胞免疫疗法作为肿瘤免疫治疗的一种创新方法，取得了前所未有的临床疗效。基因修饰不仅赋予了 T 细胞抗原结合功能，而且在实体瘤和血液系统恶性肿瘤中赋予了 T 细胞更好的免疫功能。然而，由于肿瘤免疫微环境和 CAR T 细胞的自体限制等原因，CAR T 细胞治疗并非十全十美。此外，CAR T 细胞的安全性也有待提高。
目的
最近许多专利和出版物都报道了 CAR T 细胞免疫疗法的重要性。基于 CAR T 细胞免疫疗法的专利，我们总结了一些设计 CAR 的方法，为读者提供有用的信息。
方法
本综述介绍了最近的专利和出版物，从专利中总结了一些用于肿瘤治疗的特定抗原，并列举了一些克服 CAR T 细胞免疫抑制和增强免疫反应的方法。我们还总结了一些提高 CAR T 细胞免疫疗法安全性的策略。
结果
CAR T 细胞免疫疗法作为一种新型细胞免疫疗法，已被证明在肿瘤治疗中有效，并获得了 FDA 的批准。对 CAR 设计的改进增强了 CAR T 细胞的功能。
结论
本综述从专利和出版物中总结了针对 CAR T 细胞免疫疗法缺陷的抗原和方法，可能有助于广泛的读者群体。
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