Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences - MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
Neurol Sci. 2019 Apr;40(4):691-702. doi: 10.1007/s10072-019-3700-7. Epub 2019 Jan 14.
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a screening test widely used in clinical practice and suited for detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Alternate forms of the MoCA were developed to avoid "learning effect" in serial assessments, and the present study aimed at investigating inter-form parallelism and at providing normative values for the Italian versions of MoCAs 2 and 3.
Three separate convenience samples were recruited: the first (n = 78) completed three alternate MoCA versions for ascertaining inter-form parallelism; the second (n = 302) and the third (n = 413) samples were administered MoCA 2 or 3 to compute normative data.
A three-step procedure complemented by confirmatory factor analysis and a mixed factorial ANOVA suggested that the three MoCA versions are not strictly parallel. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age and education significantly influenced MoCA 2 and 3 total scores. No significant effect of sex was found. From the derived linear equation, correction grids for MoCA 2 and 3 raw scores were built and equivalent scores computed. Inferential cutoff for adjusted scores, estimated using a non-parametric technique, were 17.49 for MoCA 2 and 18.34 for MoCA 3. Correlation analysis showed strong correlations of MoCA 2 (r = 0.69, p < .001) and MoCA 3 (r = 0.61, p < .001) adjusted total scores with MMSE adjusted scores.
The three MoCA forms are not strictly parallel. Specifically developed normative data must be adopted for using MoCA in serial cognitive assessments for clinical and research studies.
蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）是一种广泛应用于临床实践的筛查测试，适用于检测轻度认知障碍。为了避免在连续评估中出现“学习效应”，开发了 MoCA 的替代形式，本研究旨在研究形式间的平行性，并为 MoCA 2 和 3 的意大利版本提供正常值。
招募了三个独立的方便样本：第一个（n=78）完成了三个替代 MoCA 版本，以确定形式间的平行性；第二个（n=302）和第三个（n=413）样本接受了 MoCA 2 或 3 以计算正常值。
通过确认性因子分析和混合因子方差分析补充的三步程序表明，这三个 MoCA 版本并非严格平行。多元线性回归分析表明，年龄和教育程度显著影响 MoCA 2 和 3 的总分。未发现性别有显著影响。从推导出的线性方程中，为 MoCA 2 和 3 的原始分数构建了校正网格，并计算了等效分数。使用非参数技术估计的调整分数的推断截止值分别为 MoCA 2 的 17.49 和 MoCA 3 的 18.34。相关分析表明，MoCA 2（r=0.69，p<0.001）和 MoCA 3（r=0.61，p<0.001）调整后的总分与 MMSE 调整后的总分之间存在强烈的相关性。
这三个 MoCA 形式并不完全平行。在临床和研究研究中进行连续认知评估时，必须采用专门制定的正常数据。
