Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1112:163-175. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-3065-0_12.
Glutamate is a nonessential amino acid, known to act as a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Glutamate transduces its signal by activating two types of receptors, viz., ionotropic glutamate receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). mGluR1 and mGluR5 are members of the group I mGluR family, and they belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. These receptors are involved in various forms of synaptic plasticity including learning and memory. Similar to many other GPCRs, trafficking plays a critical role in controlling the spatiotemporal localization of these receptors on the cell surface, which is critical for the normal ligand/receptor interaction. Improper targeting of GPCRs results in aberrant signaling, which often leads to various diseases. Trafficking also regulates the activity of these receptors. Thus, inappropriate trafficking of these receptors might have pathological consequences. Group I mGluRs have been implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders like Fragile X syndrome, autism, etc. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of group I mGluR trafficking in the central nervous system and its physiological importance.
谷氨酸是一种非必需氨基酸，已知在中枢神经系统中作为主要的兴奋性神经递质发挥作用。谷氨酸通过激活两种类型的受体，即离子型谷氨酸受体和代谢型谷氨酸受体（mGluRs）来传递其信号。mGluR1 和 mGluR5 是 I 组 mGluR 家族的成员，它们属于 G 蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）家族。这些受体参与包括学习和记忆在内的各种形式的突触可塑性。与许多其他 GPCR 一样，运输在控制这些受体在细胞表面上的时空定位方面起着关键作用，这对于正常的配体/受体相互作用至关重要。GPCR 的靶向不当会导致异常信号转导，这常常导致各种疾病。运输还调节这些受体的活性。因此，这些受体的运输不当可能会产生病理后果。I 组 mGluRs 与脆性 X 综合征、自闭症等各种神经精神疾病有关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前对中枢神经系统中 I 组 mGluR 运输及其生理重要性的理解。
