a Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences , UCSI University , Cheras , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.
b Department of Biomedicine , Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L) , Jakarta , Indonesia.
Int Rev Immunol. 2018;37(6):279-290. doi: 10.1080/08830185.2018.1509967. Epub 2019 Jan 13.
Peanut allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction with symptoms varying from mild to severe anaphylaxis, tends to be lifelong and very few are able to outgrow this allergy. The prevalence of peanut allergy is highest among the Western countries and over the past decade, a 3.5 fold increase in prevalence of peanut allergy was reported among children in the United States. Increasing prevalence has also been observed among the Asian countries. As with other food allergies, peanut allergy reduces quality of life for the affected individuals and the social and economy burden of healthcare for peanut allergy is substantial. To date, there is no effective treatment for peanut allergy and disease management is by avoidance or relieve of symptoms via administration of epinephrine. Peanut allergy is a type-1 hypersensitivity reaction due to specific IgE production by activated T-helper type 2 (T2) cells. Studies on various immunotherapy routes such as oral immunotherapy (OIT), sublingual immunotherapy and epicutaneous immunotherapy trials using peanut have shown the ability to induce desensitisation, shifting the allergen-specific cytokine production away from a T2 respond. In the recent years, lactic acid bacteria probiotics have been reported to down-regulate allergy due to its inherent immunomodulatory properties. Wild-type probiotic in combination with peanut proteins or recombinant probiotics harbouring peanut allergens have been explored for OIT due to its ability to down-regulate allergen-specific-IgE production and the T2 responses, while increasing the beneficiary population of T1 regulatory T cells (T). This review discusses the current strategies in immunotherapy for peanut allergy.
花生过敏是一种过敏反应，症状从轻度到严重过敏反应不等，倾向于终身存在，并且很少有人能够摆脱这种过敏。花生过敏的患病率在西方国家最高，在过去十年中，据报道，美国儿童花生过敏的患病率增加了 3.5 倍。亚洲国家也观察到了患病率的增加。与其他食物过敏一样，花生过敏会降低受影响个体的生活质量，并且花生过敏的医疗保健社会和经济负担很大。迄今为止，尚无有效的花生过敏治疗方法，疾病管理是通过避免或通过肾上腺素缓解症状。花生过敏是一种 1 型过敏反应，是由于激活的辅助性 T 细胞 2 (T2) 细胞产生特异性 IgE 引起的。口服免疫疗法 (OIT)、舌下免疫疗法和使用花生的经皮免疫疗法等各种免疫疗法途径的研究表明，能够诱导脱敏，使过敏原特异性细胞因子的产生从 T2 反应转变。近年来，由于其固有的免疫调节特性，已报道乳酸菌益生菌可下调过敏反应。由于野生型益生菌与花生蛋白或含有花生过敏原的重组益生菌能够下调过敏原特异性 IgE 产生和 T2 反应，同时增加 T1 调节性 T 细胞 (T) 的受益人群，因此已探索将其用于 OIT。本文综述了目前用于花生过敏的免疫疗法策略。
