The Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Hebrew University, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel.
Suzanne Dwoark Peck School of Social Work & Rossier School of Education, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 669 W 34th St, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Addict Behav. 2019 May;92:141-147. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.12.006. Epub 2018 Dec 16.
About 1.3 million homeless students attend schools across the US, yet little is known about their substance use patterns, especially substance use on school grounds. The objectives of this study were to examine differences in substance use on and off school grounds between nonsheltered homeless, sheltered homeless, and nonhomeless public school students, and to examine the relationship between homelessness and substance use in school. Data were from a statewide representative sample from the California Healthy Kids Survey collected in 2011-2013, (n = 390,028). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were applied. Findings show that compared to nonhomeless students, homeless students, both sheltered and nonsheltered, reported higher rates of age at first time of use under the age of 10, and recent substance use, for an array of substances, indulging alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana and other illegal drugs. Additionally about 50% of nonsheltered homeless students, and 15% of sheltered homeless students reported having used substances in school in the past 30 days. Results from logistic regressions indicate that homelessness is associated with substance use in school. Particularly, nonsheltered homeless students were 17.41, 12.09, 11.36 and 17.59 times more likely to report smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, using marijuana and using other illegal drugs (respectively) in school in the past 30 days, compared to nonhomeless students. Sheltered homeless students were also more likely to use substances in school compared to nonhomeless students, but less likely compared to nonsheltered students. Findings highlight the need to develop differentiated school-based responses to each homeless subgroup and have conceptual, scientific and policy implications.
大约有 130 万无家可归的学生在美国各地的学校就读，但人们对他们的物质使用模式知之甚少，尤其是在学校场地上的物质使用模式。本研究的目的是检查无家可归的非寄宿生、寄宿生和非无家可归的公立学校学生在学校内外物质使用的差异，并研究无家可归与学校物质使用之间的关系。数据来自于 2011-2013 年加州健康儿童调查的全州代表性样本（n=390,028）。应用了双变量和多变量分析。研究结果表明，与非无家可归的学生相比，无论是寄宿生还是非寄宿生，无家可归的学生报告的首次使用年龄在 10 岁以下的比例更高，最近使用各种物质（包括酒精、香烟、大麻和其他非法药物）的比例也更高。此外，大约 50%的非寄宿无家可归学生和 15%的寄宿无家可归学生报告在过去 30 天内曾在学校使用过物质。逻辑回归的结果表明，无家可归与学校物质使用有关。特别是，与非无家可归的学生相比，非寄宿无家可归的学生在过去 30 天内报告在学校吸烟、饮酒、使用大麻和使用其他非法药物的可能性分别高出 17.41、12.09、11.36 和 17.59 倍。寄宿无家可归的学生也比非无家可归的学生更有可能在学校使用物质，但比非寄宿无家可归的学生可能性小。研究结果强调需要针对每个无家可归群体制定有区别的基于学校的应对措施，具有概念、科学和政策意义。
