a Mental Health Center of Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China.
b Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University, National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health , Changsha , Hunan , China.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2019;45(3):276-284. doi: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1559849. Epub 2019 Jan 14.
Repeated and extensive methamphetamine or ketamine use may cause psychotic symptoms. Whether the chronic and combined use of these substances has a greater psychotic effect is still unknown.
To examine the effect of different levels of ketamine use on psychotic disorders and symptoms in male methamphetamine-dependent subjects.
A cross-sectional, structured, and clinical interview method was used to examine the differences in DSM-IV-TR Axis I psychotic disorders and symptoms among methamphetamine-dependent subjects in three categories: 205 with no ketamine use, 38 with occasional ketamine use, and 72 with ketamine abuse or dependence from compulsory rehabilitation centers.
Both methamphetamine-dependent subjects with occasional ketamine use and those with ketamine abuse or dependence had a higher prevalence of psychotic disorders than those who had not used ketamine (p = 0.021; p < 0.001). Subjects who used ketamine occasionally had a higher prevalence of referential and persecutory delusions (p < 0.001; p = 0.013) and auditory hallucinations (p = 0.030), and those with ketamine abuse or dependence had a higher prevalence of referential and persecutory delusions (p = 0.005; p = 0.021), compared with those who had not used ketamine. There was no significant difference in any psychotic disorders or symptoms between subjects with occasional ketamine use and those with ketamine abuse or dependence.
The combination of methamphetamine and ketamine was associated with greater psychotic effects than methamphetamine alone. Both occasional ketamine use and ketamine abuse or dependence were associated with increased psychotic symptoms and disorders in methamphetamine-dependent males.
反复且大量使用冰毒或氯胺酮可能导致出现精神病症状。目前尚不清楚这两种物质的慢性联合使用是否会产生更大的精神病效应。
研究不同水平的氯胺酮使用对男性冰毒依赖者出现精神病障碍和症状的影响。
采用横断面、结构和临床访谈方法，对来自强制戒毒所的 205 例无氯胺酮使用、38 例偶有氯胺酮使用和 72 例氯胺酮滥用或依赖的冰毒依赖者，考察 DSM-IV-TR 轴 I 精神病障碍和症状的差异。
偶有氯胺酮使用和氯胺酮滥用或依赖的冰毒依赖者精神病障碍的发生率均高于未使用氯胺酮者（p = 0.021；p < 0.001）。偶有氯胺酮使用者更易出现关系妄想和被害妄想（p < 0.001；p = 0.013）和幻听（p = 0.030），而氯胺酮滥用或依赖者更易出现关系妄想和被害妄想（p = 0.005；p = 0.021），与未使用氯胺酮者相比。偶有氯胺酮使用者和氯胺酮滥用或依赖者之间，任何精神病障碍或症状均无显著差异。
与单独使用冰毒相比，冰毒和氯胺酮联合使用产生的精神病效应更大。偶有氯胺酮使用和氯胺酮滥用或依赖均与冰毒依赖男性精神病症状和障碍的增加有关。
