Murakami Michio, Takebayashi Yoshitake, Tsubokura Masaharu
Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine.
Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital.
Tohoku J Exp Med. 2019 Jan;247(1):13-17. doi: 10.1620/tjem.247.13.
Psychological distress has become a serious health risk after the Fukushima nuclear accident. Although, following the lifting of evacuation orders, the affected people have started returning home, their current status of psychological distress has not been reported yet. Here, we report the levels of psychological distress in both returnees and evacuees by using a K6 indicator. In January 2018, questionnaires were randomly distributed among 2,000 people, aged 20 to 79 years old, who were registered on the Basic Resident Register in the evacuation order areas of nine municipalities where residents have now started returning home. The total number of participants was 625. The returnees showed a significantly better psychological distress status than the evacuees. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) among the returnees (reference = evacuees), estimated from a logistic analysis by using age, sex, and annual income as covariates, were 0.525 (0.325-0.846) for K6 ≥ 10 and 0.444 (0.216-0.911) for K6 ≥ 13. The prevalence of K6 ≥ 10 in the returnees when adjusted by the age and sex distribution of the whole of Japan was 16.2%, higher than the value (10.3%) at 20 to 79 years old in the whole of Japan. Psychological distress among the evacuees is an urgent problem to be resolved, and social support is still necessary for the returnees. Long term follow-up of returnees, investigations of causality between return and psychological distress and its governing factors in each of the evacuee and returnee groups are required for the implementation of effective countermeasures.
福岛核事故后，心理困扰已成为严重的健康风险。尽管在撤离令解除后，受灾民众已开始返回家园，但他们目前的心理困扰状况尚未见报道。在此，我们使用K6指标报告了返乡者和撤离者的心理困扰水平。2018年1月，对2000名年龄在20至79岁之间、登记在九个市镇撤离令区域基本居民登记册上的人员进行了问卷调查，这些市镇的居民现已开始返回家园。参与调查的总人数为625人。返乡者的心理困扰状况明显优于撤离者。以年龄、性别和年收入作为协变量，通过逻辑分析估计，返乡者（参照组 = 撤离者）中K6≥10的多变量调整比值比（95%置信区间）为0.525（0.325 - 0.846），K6≥13的为0.444（0.216 - 0.911）。根据日本全国的年龄和性别分布进行调整后，返乡者中K6≥10的患病率为16.2%，高于日本全国20至79岁人群的患病率（10.3%）。撤离者的心理困扰是一个亟待解决的问题，对返乡者而言，社会支持仍然必不可少。为了实施有效的应对措施，需要对返乡者进行长期随访，调查返乡与心理困扰之间的因果关系以及每个撤离者和返乡者群体中的影响因素。
