a Department of Psychology , The Ottawa Hospital , Ottawa , Canada.
b Department of Psychology , University of Victoria , Victoria , Canada.
Clin Neuropsychol. 2019 Feb;33(2):390-418. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2018.1543453. Epub 2019 Jan 16.
This study was undertaken to explore multimethod neurocognitive screening tools to aid in detection of older adults who may be at heightened risk of pathological cognitive decline (preclinical dementia). In so doing, this study advances the theoretical conceptualization of neurocognitive adaptability in the context of aging and dementia.
This article reports original data from the baseline measurement occasion of a longitudinal study of healthy, community-dwelling older adults from the Victoria, British Columbia region. Participants were diagnosed as normal, subtle decline, or mild cognitive impairment according to actuarial neuropsychological criteria (adjusted for age only or adjusted for age and premorbid IQ). Diagnostic classification was employed to illustrate group differences in a novel metric of multi-timescale neural adaptability derived from 4-min of resting-state electroencephalographic data collected from each participant (immediately following their neuropsychological evaluation).
Prior findings were replicated; adjusting raw neuropsychological test scores for individual differences in estimated premorbid IQ appeared to increase the sensitivity of standardized clinical tasks to subtle cognitive impairment. Moreover, and consistent with prior neuroscientific research, timescale-specific (i.e. at ∼12-20 ms timescales) differences in resting-state neural adaptability appeared to characterize groups who differed in terms of neuropsycholgoical diagnostic classification.
Recently proposed actuarial neuropsychological criteria for subtle cognitive decline identify older adults who show timescale-specific changes in resting brain function that may signal the onset of preclinical dementia. The subtle decline stage may represent a critical inflection point-partial loss of neurocognitive adaptability-on a pathological aging trajectory. These findings illustrate areas of potential future development in neurocognitive health care.
本研究旨在探索多方法神经认知筛查工具，以帮助发现可能处于病理性认知衰退（临床前痴呆）风险增加的老年人。通过这样做，本研究推进了神经认知适应性在衰老和痴呆背景下的理论概念化。
本文报告了一项针对不列颠哥伦比亚省维多利亚地区健康、社区居住的老年人的纵向研究的基线测量时刻的原始数据。参与者根据 actuarial 神经心理学标准（仅根据年龄调整或根据年龄和发病前智商调整）被诊断为正常、细微下降或轻度认知障碍。诊断分类用于说明从每个参与者（在他们的神经心理学评估后立即）收集的 4 分钟静息状态脑电图数据中得出的多时间尺度神经适应性的新指标的组间差异，该指标用于说明多时间尺度神经适应性的新指标的组间差异。
先前的发现得到了复制；调整原始神经心理学测试分数以适应个体在发病前智商方面的差异，似乎提高了标准化临床任务对细微认知障碍的敏感性。此外，与先前的神经科学研究一致，静息状态神经适应性的时间尺度特异性（即在 ∼12-20ms 时间尺度上）差异似乎可以描述在神经心理学诊断分类方面存在差异的组。
最近提出的细微认知衰退的 actuarial 神经心理学标准识别出显示静息大脑功能的时间尺度特异性变化的老年人，这些变化可能预示着临床前痴呆的发生。细微下降阶段可能代表病理性衰老轨迹上的一个关键转折点——神经认知适应性的部分丧失。这些发现说明了神经认知保健领域未来发展的潜在领域。
