Eckernäs Daniel, Hieronymus Fredrik, Carlsson Thomas, Bergquist Filip
Department of Pharmacology, Inst of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
IBRO Rep. 2018 Dec 4;6:31-39. doi: 10.1016/j.ibror.2018.11.007. eCollection 2019 Jun.
Loud (≥70dBA) acoustic white noise improves cognitive performance in children with ADHD as well as skilled reach and rotarod performance in the spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rat model of ADHD. To investigate how acoustic noise influences the brain activity in the SH rat model of ADHD, immunohistochemical staining of two neuronal activity and plasticity markers, Ca/Calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and ΔFosB, was evaluated in Wistar (n = 24) and SH (n = 16) rats after repeated exposure to acoustic noise or ambient silence. Other SH rats (n = 6) were treated with repeated methylphenidate (MPH). Expression of CaMKII was reduced in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) of the SH rat compared to Wistar but not in the nucleus accumbens (nAc) or the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC). In the TMN, the expression of CaMKII was increased by noise in both strains. ΔFosB expression was reduced in nAc, DL-PFC and the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) of the SH rat compared to Wistar. Exposure to acoustic white noise significantly increased ΔFosB expression in the nAc and DL-PFC but not in the DLS of SH rats. The results indicate that acoustic noise shifts a reduced neuronal activity in the nAc, TMN and DL-PFC in SH rats toward the normal levels of activity in outbred rats. This may explain why noise has benefit selectively in ADHD.
高强度（≥70分贝）的白噪声可改善多动症儿童的认知能力，以及多动症自发性高血压（SH）大鼠模型的熟练抓握和转棒试验表现。为了研究声学噪声如何影响多动症SH大鼠模型的大脑活动，在Wistar大鼠（n = 24）和SH大鼠（n = 16）反复暴露于声学噪声或环境安静后，评估了两种神经元活动和可塑性标志物钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶II（CaMKII）和ΔFosB的免疫组化染色。其他SH大鼠（n = 6）接受反复的哌甲酯（MPH）治疗。与Wistar大鼠相比，SH大鼠结节乳头体核（TMN）中CaMKII的表达降低，但伏隔核（nAc）或背外侧前额叶皮质（DL-PFC）中未降低。在TMN中，两种品系的大鼠中噪声均增加了CaMKII的表达。与Wistar大鼠相比，SH大鼠nAc、DL-PFC和背外侧纹状体（DLS）中ΔFosB的表达降低。暴露于白噪声显著增加了SH大鼠nAc和DL-PFC中ΔFosB的表达，但DLS中未增加。结果表明，声学噪声使SH大鼠nAc、TMN和DL-PFC中降低的神经元活动向远交系大鼠的正常活动水平转变。这可能解释了为什么噪声对多动症有选择性益处。
