Interleukin-1 family cytokines and mast cells: activation and inhibition.

Activated mast cells (MCs) secrete a number of compounds including pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. MCs are a potential source of cytokines and chemokines which participate in allergic reactions and inflammation. MCs can be activated by IgE through its receptor FceRI, but also by Toll-like receptors and/or interleukin (IL)-1. MCs can be a target for both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. IL-1 activates MCs to release inflammatory chemical mediators, and cytokines/chemokines, an effect which can be potentially inhibited by IL-37. In addition, IL-36 is also a powerful cytokine with a pro-inflammatory activity. IL-38 binds IL-36R and inhibits the pro-inflammatory activity of IL-36, thus performing a therapeutic action. In this article we review the role of MCs in relation to pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory IL-1 family member cytokines and a possible therapeutic effect in inflammatory disorders.