Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Apr 30;171:600-608. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.032. Epub 2019 Jan 15.
Today, all modern industrial units acknowledge the necessity of efficient and effective safety, health, and environment (HSE) systems. To become practical, these systems must be localized and customized to serve the exact needs of the industry. Nevertheless, most HSE plans are developed upon a set of common presumptions. In the water industry, gas chlorination units require strong HSE plans to mitigate the possibility of chlorine explosion and leak. This study aimed to provide an efficient HSE system for gas chlorination process within water treatment plants. This goal was achieved through a case study performed on a water treatment plant in Razavi-Khorasan province, Iran. In the first stage of this study, the researchers made combined use brainstorming sessions and modified Delphi technique to identify the risk factors of gas chlorination units and classify them into six groups in terms of association with chlorination unit building, gas cylinder storage, technical details of gas cylinders, gas cylinder transport, chlorinator connections, and chlorination unit management. In the second stage, the extracted factors were analyzed by Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Shannon Entropy approaches using two different panels of experts, and the results were compared for validation. Finally, the analysis results were structured by Petri Net modeling. The results showed that, according to FMEA, the risk factors with risk priority number (RPN) of over 46 are of highest importance for the studied unit. Once observed, these factors necessitate shutting down the operation until a risk mitigation solution is reached. Among the analyzed factors, (i) the presence of compounds such as NH, O, gas and liquid hydrocarbons and oil in gas chlorine cylinders and (ii) non-vertical and non-mechanized handling of full and empty cylinders during loading and unloading, with RPNs of respectively 160 and 120, were found to be significantly more important than others. In the SE analysis, in addition to the above factors, poor implementation of airflow control mechanism inside the chlorination chamber (W = 0.359), storage of chlorine cylinders near electrical and mechanical installations such as elevators or power panels (W = 0.327), poor pipe placement for connecting the injector to the water inlet and the possibility of air suction (W = 0.433), and failure to provide scientific and practical training to the chlorination staff (W = 0.342) were found to be of highest importance.
如今，所有现代工业单位都认识到高效、有效的安全、健康和环境（HSE）系统的必要性。为了使其具有实际意义，这些系统必须本地化和定制，以满足行业的具体需求。然而，大多数 HSE 计划都是基于一组共同的假设制定的。在水工业中，气体氯化装置需要强大的 HSE 计划来降低氯气爆炸和泄漏的可能性。本研究旨在为水处理厂的气体氯化工艺提供一个有效的 HSE 系统。这一目标是通过对伊朗拉扎维霍拉桑省的一家水处理厂进行案例研究来实现的。在本研究的第一阶段，研究人员通过头脑风暴会议和改进后的德尔菲技术相结合，确定了气体氯化装置的风险因素，并根据与氯化装置建筑、气瓶储存、气瓶技术细节、气瓶运输、氯化器连接和氯化装置管理的关联，将这些因素分为六组。在第二阶段，使用两组不同的专家，通过失效模式影响分析（FMEA）和香农熵方法对提取的因素进行分析，并对结果进行比较验证。最后，通过 Petri 网建模对分析结果进行了构建。结果表明，根据 FMEA，风险优先数（RPN）超过 46 的风险因素对所研究的单元最为重要。一旦观察到这些因素，就需要停止运行，直到找到风险缓解解决方案。在分析的因素中，（i）在气体氯气钢瓶中存在 NH、O、气体和液体碳氢化合物和油等化合物，以及（ii）在装卸过程中不垂直和非机械化地处理满瓶和空瓶，其 RPN 分别为 160 和 120，被发现比其他因素更为重要。在 SE 分析中，除了上述因素外，氯化室内气流控制机制执行不力（W=0.359）、氯气钢瓶存放在电梯或电源面板等电气和机械设备附近（W=0.327）、为将喷射器连接到进水口和可能的吸气口而进行的管道布置不当（W=0.433），以及未能为氯化人员提供科学实用的培训（W=0.342），这些因素也被认为是最重要的。
