Kandel Pujan, Wallace Michael B
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Clin Endosc. 2019 May;52(3):239-246. doi: 10.5946/ce.2018.136. Epub 2019 Jan 21.
Diminutive colorectal polyps <5 mm are very common and almost universally benign. The current strategy of resection with histological confirmation of all colorectal polyps is costly and may increase the risk of colonoscopy. Accurate, optical diagnosis without histology can be achieved with currently available endoscopic technologies. The American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable endoscopic Innovations supports strategies for optical diagnosis of small non neoplastic polyps as long as two criteria are met. For hyperplastic appearing polyps <5 mm in recto-sigmoid colon, the negative predictive value should be at least 90%. For diminutive low grade adenomatous appearing polyps, a resect and discard strategy should be sufficiently accurate such that post-polypectomy surveillance recommendations based on the optical diagnosis, agree with a histologically diagnosis at least 90% of the time. Although the resect and discard as well as diagnose and leave behind approach has major benefits with regard to both safety and cost, it has yet to be used widely in practice. To fully implement such as strategy, there is a need for better-quality training, quality assurance, and patient acceptance. In the article, we will review the current state of the science on optical diagnose of colorectal polyps and its implications for colonoscopy practice.
直径小于5毫米的结直肠小息肉非常常见,几乎都是良性的。目前对所有结直肠息肉进行切除并经组织学证实的策略成本高昂,且可能增加结肠镜检查的风险。利用现有的内镜技术可以实现无需组织学检查的准确光学诊断。只要满足两个标准,美国胃肠内镜学会(American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable endoscopic Innovations)就支持对小的非肿瘤性息肉进行光学诊断的策略。对于直肠乙状结肠中直径小于5毫米、外观呈增生性的息肉,阴性预测值应至少为90%。对于外观呈低级别腺瘤性的小息肉,切除并丢弃的策略应足够准确,以使基于光学诊断的息肉切除术后监测建议与组织学诊断至少在90%的时间内一致。尽管切除并丢弃以及诊断并留观的方法在安全性和成本方面都有很大益处,但在实践中尚未得到广泛应用。要全面实施这样的策略,需要更好的培训质量、质量保证和患者接受度。在本文中,我们将综述结直肠息肉光学诊断的科学现状及其对结肠镜检查实践的影响。