NK sensitivity, H-2, c-K-ras proto-oncogene expression and metastases: analysis of the metastatic potential of H-2 gene transfected fibrosarcoma cells.

The transformation of a potentially neoplastic cell into an autonomous highly malignant and metastatic tumor cell involves a multifactorial cascade of events. This will eventually lead not only to the emergence of a tumor cell with an unlimited potential of replication, but more important will contribute to its ability to ignore and evade homeostatic immune and non-immune regulatory mechanisms. Specifically, those mechanisms which may restrict and direct its growth, dissemination, patterns of differentiation and interaction with the cellular and humoral factors comprising its environment. However, many different factors may contribute to a highly invasive and malignant phenotype. It is obvious that one should expect that a cardinal role should be assigned to alterations in those factors which contribute to the capacity of the malignant cells with its environment at the cell membrane level, which in turn is dependent on the concerted functional expression of specialized membrane associated components (i.e. receptors, cyto adhesion molecules (CAM's), histocompatibility antigens, GAP junction complexes, extracellular matrix components, etc.). In the present studies, we have investigated the contribution of three major factors, which maybe the cause or result of alterations at the level of the cell membrane: MHC encoded antigen expression, susceptibility to the cytolytic activity of NK cells and enhanced expression of the c-K-ras proto-oncogene, as to their development of metastatic capacity of a malignant cell. To address these questions, we used metastatic (IE7) and non-metastatic (IC9) variants of the murine 3-methylcholanthrene induced T-10 fibrosarcoma. Using this system, the following major conceptually important observations were made: A. The restoration by transfection of the expression of membrane associated H-2K encoded glycoproteins abrogates the metastatic capacity of the highly metastatic tumor cell clone, IE7, irrespective of the degree of susceptibility to NK or c-K-ras oncogene expression. This reduction in metastatic capacity is followed by a significant decrease in its tumorigenicity which is concomitant with its ability to induce in vivo potent H-2K restricted CTL's. These results clearly indicate that H-2K region encoded molecules play no apparent role in determining the susceptibility of tumor cells to NK cells, and yet their loss or aberrant expression is a cardinal event in tumor progression towards metastatic capacity, a fact which is supported by similar observations achieved in other murine models (18).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)