Kilbride H W, Cater G, Warady B A
Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108.
J Perinatol. 1988 Summer;8(3):211-4.
The incidence of hyperkalemia and associated clinical features in extremely preterm infants were determined by reviewing medical records of 32 infants with birth weights of less than or equal to 800 g born during a 1-year period. Hyperkalemia, defined as serum potassium concentration of greater than 6.5 mEq/L, occurred in 12 infants on the first day of life and in four others on the second day. Six infants (38%) had electrocardiographic abnormalities associated with hyperkalemia. Infants with hyperkalemia were less mature than infants with normal potassium levels. All infants of less than 25 weeks' gestation developed hyperkalemia. Fluid intakes and urine flow rates were lower and body weight loss greater during the first 24 hours of hospitalization for hyperkalemic infants. Hyperkalemia frequently occurs within the first 48 hours of life in extremely immature infants. Serum potassium should be monitored closely to avoid life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias in these infants.
通过回顾1年内出生体重小于或等于800g的32例极低出生体重儿的病历，确定了高钾血症的发生率及其相关临床特征。高钾血症定义为血清钾浓度大于6.5mEq/L，12例婴儿在出生第一天出现，另有4例在第二天出现。6例婴儿（38%）出现与高钾血症相关的心电图异常。高钾血症婴儿比血钾水平正常的婴儿成熟度更低。所有孕周小于25周的婴儿均发生了高钾血症。高钾血症婴儿在住院的头24小时内液体摄入量和尿流率较低，体重下降更大。高钾血症在极不成熟的婴儿出生后48小时内经常发生。应密切监测这些婴儿的血清钾，以避免危及生命的心律失常。
